ASTM_D_7048_-_04_2010.pdf

Designation:D704804(Reapproved 2010)Standard Guide forApplying Statistical Methods for Assessment and CorrectiveAction Environmental Monitoring Programs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7048;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 The scope and purpose of this guidance is to present avariety of statistical approaches for assessment,complianceand corrective action environmental monitoring programs.Although the methods provided here are appropriate and oftenoptimal for many environmental monitoring problems,they donot preclude use of other statistical approaches that may beequally or even more useful for certain site-specific applica-tions.1.2 In the following sections,complete details of selectstatistical procedures used in assessment and corrective actionprograms for environmental monitoring(soil,groundwater,air,surface water,and waste streams)are presented.1.3 The statistical methodology described in the followingsections should be used as guidance.Other methods may alsobe appropriate based on site-specific conditions or for moni-toring situations or media that are not presented in thisdocument.1.4 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education,experience and professional judgements.Not all aspects of thispractice may be applicable in all circumstances.This ASTMstandard is not intended to represent or replace the standard ofcare by which the adequacy of a given professional servicemust be judged without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word Standard in the title of this documentonly means that the document has been approved through theASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of GroundwaterMonitoring WellsD5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Development ofData Quality ObjectivesD6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Confi-dence Limit for Statistical Testing of Mean Concentrationin Waste Management DecisionsD6312 Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Ap-proaches for Groundwater Detection Monitoring Pro-grams3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 assessment monitoringinvestigative monitoring thatis initiated after the presence of a contaminant has beendetected in groundwater above a relevant criterion at one ormore locations.The objective of the program is to determine ifthere is a statistical exceedance of a standard or criteria at aPotential Area of Concern(PAOC)or at the groundwaterdischarging to surface water interface,and/or to quantify therate and extent of migration of constituents detected in ground-water above applicable criteria.3.1.2 compliance monitoringas specified under 40 CFR264.99,compliance monitoring is instituted when hazardousconstituents have been detected above a relevant criterion atthe compliance point during RCRA detection monitoring.Groundwater samples are collected at the compliance point,facility property boundary,and upgradient monitoring wells foranalysis of hazardous constituents to determine if they areleaving the regulated unit at statistically significant concentra-tions above background.3.1.3 corrective action monitoringunder RCRA,correc-tive action monitoring is instituted when hazardous constitu-ents from a RCRA regulated unit have been detected at1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved July 1,2010.Published September 2010.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D704804.DOI:10.1520/D7048-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 statistically significant concentrations between the compliancepoint and the downgradient facility property boundary asspecified under 40 CFR 264.100.Corrective action monitoringis conducted throughout a corrective action program that isimplemented to address groundwater contamination.At non-RCRA sites,corrective action monitor