ASTM_D_7005_-_D_7005M_-_16.pdf

Designation:D7005/D7005M16Standard Test Method forDetermining the Bond Strength(Ply Adhesion)ofGeocomposites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7005/D7005M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 It has been widely discussed in the literature that bondstrength of flexible multi-ply materials is difficult to measurewith current technology.The above is recognized and accepted,since all known methods of measurement include the forcerequired to bend the separated layers,in addition to thatrequired to separate them.However,useful information can beobtained when one realizes that the bending force is includedand that direct comparison between different materials,or evenbetween the same materials of different thickness,cannot bemade.Also,conditioning that affects the moduli of the plieswill be reflected in the bond strength measurement.1.2 This index test method defines a procedure for compar-ing the bond strength or ply adhesion of geocomposites.Thefocus is on geotextiles bonded to geonets or other types ofdrainage cores;for example,geomats,geospacers,etc.Otherpossible uses are geotextiles adhered or bonded to themselves,geomembranes,geogrids,or other dissimilar materials.Variousprocesses can make such laminates:adhesives,thermalbonding,stitch bonding,needling,spread coating,etc.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 11.1.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines forTextilesD2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens forTextiles(Withdrawn 2008)3D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5321/D5321M Test Method for Determining the ShearStrengthofSoil-GeosyntheticandGeosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct ShearE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosyntheticsair maintainedat a relative humidity between 50 to 70%and a temperature of21 6 2C 70 6 4F.3.1.2 bond strength(ply adhesion)amount of force re-quired(per unit width)to separate plies of material or materialsin peeling mode plus the force to bend the plies.3.1.3 geocompositea product composed of two or morematerials,at least one of which is a geosynthetic.3.1.4 geomat/geospacerany three dimensional,polymericmaterial used with soil,rock,or other geotechnical engineeringrelated material as an integral part of a man-made project,structure,or system.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved Jan.1,2016.Published January 2016.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7005/D7005M15.DOI:10.1520/D7005_D7005M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.5 geoneta geosynthetic consisting of integrally con-nected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at variousangles for planar drainage of liquids or gases.3.1.6 geosynthetica planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil,rock,earth,or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of aman-made project structure,or system.3.1.7 geotextilea permeable geosynthetic comprisedsolely of textiles.3.1.8 index testa test procedure,which may contain aknown bias but may be used to establish an order for a set ofspecimens with respect to the property of interest.3.1.9 machine directionthe direction in the plane of thefabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.1.10 neckinglocalized reduction in cross section,whichmay occ