ASTM_D_6986_-_03_2010.pdf

Designation:D698603(Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFree Water,Particulate and Other Contamination in AviationFuels(Visual Inspection Procedures)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6986;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFuel quality is paramount in aviation fuels because of their critical application.Many successivetypes of inspections are conducted to ensure quality protection.Rapid,visual inspections carried outat various locations in the fuel supply system are a critical part of the inspection program.Experiencehas shown that subjective evaluations such as described by this test method form an effective field alertsystem that is backed by other,more quantitative tests.The present test method duplicates much of Test Method D4176,a test method applicable to alldistillate fuels.However,the present test method also includes field methods applicable especially toaviation fuels,and is therefore published as a separate test method.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers two procedures for establishingthe presence of suspended free water,solid particulate,andother contaminants in aviation gasoline and aviation turbinefuels.1.1.1 Both procedures are intended primarily for use as fieldtests with the fuel at handling temperature.1.1.2 Procedure A uses transparent sample containers;Pro-cedure B uses opaque containers.1.2 Both procedures are rapid methods for contaminationdetection and include ratings of haze appearance and particu-late presence.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In AviationTurbine FuelsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels(Visual Inspection Procedures)D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ADJD417601 Distillate Fuel Bar Chart3ADJD417602 Distillate Fuel Haze Rating Standard43.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 aviation fuelsas used in this standard,the termincludes both aviation gasoline and aviation turbine fuels.3.1.2 clear and brighta condition in which the fuelcontains no visible water drops or particulates and is free ofhaze or cloudiness.3.1.3 free waterwater in excess to that soluble in the fuelat the temperature of the test and may appear in the fuel as ahaze,cloudiness,droplets,or water layer.3.1.4 solid particulatessmall solid or semi-solid particles,sometimes referred to as silt or sediment,present in a fuel asthe result of contamination by airborne dusts,corrosion by-products,or wear products.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved July 1,2010.Published October 2010.Originallypublished in 2003.Last previous editon approved in 2003 as D698603.DOI:10.1520/D6986-03R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD417601.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD417602.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method describes two types of sampling con-tainers for evaluating the appearance of aviation fuel samples.Procedure A covers transparent sample containers,includingthe open jar and the closed circuit sampler,while Procedure Buses opaque containers such as the white bucket.4.2 In the open jar procedure,a minimum of 750 mL(24 oz)of fuel is placed into a clear one litre(1 qt)container andexamined visually.The jar is then closed and the sample isswirled and examined for visual sediment and water at thebottom of the vortex.Additionally,fuel clarity may be rated byplacing a standard bar chart behind the sample and comparingits visual appearance with the standard haze rating photo-graphs.The presence or absence of free water and of particu-lates is reported.4.3 In the closed circuit sampler procedure,approximately3500 mL(0.9 U.S.gal)of fuel is placed into the sampler andis examined for clarity and for visual sediment or waterdroplets on the bottom of the sampler.Additionally,fuel cl