ASTM_D_7861_-_14.pdf

Designation:D786114Standard Test Method forDetermination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters(FAME)in DieselFuel by Linear Variable Filter(LVF)Array Based Mid-InfraredSpectroscopy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7861;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method determines fatty acid methyl esters(FAME or biodiesel)in diesel fuel oils.FAME can bequantitatively determined from 1.0%to 30.0%by volume.This test method uses linear variable filter(LVF)array basedmid-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring FAME concentra-tion.NOTE1See Section 6 for a list of interferences that could affect theresults produced from this method.1.2 This test method uses a horizontal attenuated totalreflectance(HATR)crystal and a univariate calibration.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalytical StandardsD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock(B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel(FattyAcid Methyl Esters)Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy(FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil,Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-tative Analysis(Withdrawn 2015)3E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate QuantitativeAnalysis3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel,nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats,designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend(BXX),nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation,BXX,the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 diesel fuel,npetroleum-based middle distillate fuel.3.1.4 univariate calibration,naprocess for creating acalibration model in which a single measured variable,for1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.Current edition approved Dec.15,2014.Published February 2015.DOI:10.1520/D7861-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 example,the absorbance at a particular wavelength,is corre-lated with the concentration or property values for a set ofcalibration samples.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 ATR,nattenuated total reflectance3.2.2 BXX,nsee 3.1.23.2.3 FAEE,nfatty acid ethyl esters3.2.4 FAME,nfatty acid methyl esters3.2.5 HATR,nhorizontal attenuated total reflectance3.2.6 LVF,nlinear variable filter4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of diesel fuel or biodiesel blend(BXX)isplaced onto a HATR sample crystal.Infrared light is imagedthrough the sample,then through the LVF and finally onto adetector array.The LVF separates the infrared light intospecific wavelengths so that the response of the detector arraygenerates an infrared spectrum.Spectral corrections are per-formed to eliminate interferences caused by diesel and bio-diesel variations.A wavelength region of the absorptionspectrum that correlates highly with biodiesel is selected foranalysis.The area of the selected region is determined.Acalibration curve converts the selec