ASTM_D_7414_-_09.pdf

Designation:D741409Standard Test Method forCondition Monitoring of Oxidation in In-Service Petroleumand Hydrocarbon Based Lubricants by Trend AnalysisUsing Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR)Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7414;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers monitoring oxidation in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants such as indiesel crankcase,motor,hydraulic,gear and compressor oils,as well as other types of lubricants that are prone to oxidation.1.2 This test method uses Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR)spectrometry for monitoring build-up of oxidation productsin in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants as aresult of normal machinery operation.Petroleum and hydro-carbon based lubricants react with oxygen in the air to form anumber of different chemical species,including aldehydes,ketones,esters,and carboxylic acids.This test method isdesigned as a fast,simple spectroscopic check for monitoringof oxidation in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon basedlubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the opera-tional condition of the machine based on measuring the level ofoxidation in the oil.1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring oxida-tion in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described inPractice D7418.In this test method,measurement and datainterpretation parameters for oxidation using both direct trendanalysis and differential(spectral subtraction)trend analysisare presented.1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectralchanges associated with oxidation of in-service petroleum andhydrocarbon based lubricants.Warnings or alarm limits can beset on the basis of a fixed minimum value for a singlemeasurement or,alternatively,can be based on a rate of changeof the response measured,see Ref(1).21.4.1 For direct trend analysis,values are recorded directlyfrom absorption spectra and reported in units of absorbance per0.1 mm pathlength.1.4.2 For differential trend analysis,values are recordedfrom the differential spectra(spectrum obtained by subtractionof the absorption spectrum of the reference oil from that of thein-service oil)and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1mm pathlength(or equivalently absorbance units per centime-tre).1.4.3 In either case,maintenance action limits should bedetermined through statistical analysis,history of the same orsimilar equipment,round robin tests or other methods inconjunction with the correlation of oxidation changes toequipment performance.NOTE1It is not the intent of this test method to establish orrecommend normal,cautionary,warning or alert limits for any machinery.Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidancefrom the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.1.5 This test method is for petroleum and hydrocarbonbased lubricants and is not applicable for ester based oils,including polyol esters or phosphate esters.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6.1 ExceptionThe unit for wave numbers is cm-1.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Titration1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.96 on In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition MonitoringServices.Current edition approved July 1,2009.Published August 2009.DOI:10.1520/D7414-09.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubrica