ASTM_D_7243_-_11.pdf

Designation:D724311Standard Guide forMeasuring the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of PaperIndustry Sludges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7243;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Paper industry sludges are industrial by-products de-rived from wastewater treatment operations at plants associatedwith the manufacturing of paper.These sludges typicallyconsist of clay and organic matter.They may also contain lowlevels of inorganic and organic contaminants and can be rich inmicrobes.Traditionally,paper industry sludges have beendisposed in municipal solid waste landfills or solid wastemonofills.However,in the interest of sustainability,applica-tions are being developed where sludges can be used benefi-cially.One application is using sludge to construct hydraulicbarriers(for example,for use in a landfill cap).Such applica-tions generally require that the hydraulic conductivity of thesludge be measured.1.2 Compacted paper industry sludges generally behave likesoils and are amenable to geotechnical testing methods.However,several of their attributes require special attentionduring testing.Compacted industry sludges generally arehighly compressible due to their organic component.Thus,their hydraulic conductivity can be more sensitive to theeffective stress and hydraulic gradient applied during testingthan most soils.The microbes in paper sludge can also producegas during testing,confounding testing methods.1.3 This guide is intended to supplement ASTM D5084,Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity ofSaturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeame-ter.The purpose of the guide is to provide additional guidanceon issues relevant to testing sludges using Test MethodsD5084.The guide applies to specimens compacted in thelaboratory using procedures such as those described in TestMethods D698 and D1557 or undisturbed specimens collectedfrom the field using procedures such as Practice D1587 orPractice D7015.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.This standardcontains a hazards section regarding the use of biocides(Section 10).1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort(56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils forGeotechnical PurposesD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by Mass1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Propertiesand Hydraulic Barriers.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published December 2011.Originallyapproved in 2006.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D724306a.DOI:10.1520/D7243-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a FlexibleWall PermeameterD7015 Practices for Obtaining Intact Block(Cubical andCylindrical)Samples of SoilsD7100 Test Method for Hydraulic Condu