ASTM_D_7478_-_D_7478M_-_11.pdf

Designation:D7478/D7478M11Standard Specification forHeavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7478/D7478M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types andtwo classes of sheathed crates each of which may have twobase styles.The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding30 000 pounds lb 13 607 kg and to withstand the most severeoverseas shipping and storage conditions.1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended toprotect items from atmospheric elements during shipment andstorage.They are designed to withstand the rough handling oflogistic operations including stacking and outside storage for aprolonged period.1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably asdesired.However,the Class 2 crate should be used whenweight is a prime consideration,as the lack of diagonals andthinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.1.4 Demountable crates,Type II,should be used wheneverit is expected that the contained item will require reshipping toanother destination.1.5 Sill bases,Style B,are intended for items that projectbelow their mounting points,such as disassembled vehicles.1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques isacceptable and permitted(see 5.10),the resulting packagingsystems shall be of equal or better performance than wouldresult from the use of these specified materials and procedures.The appropriate distribution cycle,specified in Practice D4169can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion ofunits.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3953 Specification for Strapping,Flat Steel and SealsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Ma-terials1D6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Containersand PalletsD6253 Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of WoodPackaging MaterialsF1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners:Nails,Spikes,andStaplesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of International Systemof Units(SI):The Modern Metric System2.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)Standards:PS 1 Voluntary Product Standard,Structural Plywood3PS 20 American Softwood Lumber Standard42.3 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association Standard:5ANSI/HPVA HP-1-2004 American National Standard forHardwood and Decorative Plywood1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on ShippingContainers,Crates,Pallets,Skids and Related Structures.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7478/D7478M 08.DOI:10.1520/D7478_D7478M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from APA,The Engineered Wood Association,7011 South 19th St.,Tacoma,WA 984665399,http:/www.apawood.org.4Available from American Lumber Standards Committee,Inc.,(ALSC),P.O.Box 210,Germantown,MD 208750210,http:/www.alsc.org.5Available from Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association(HPVA),P.O.Box2789,Reston,VA 220900789,http:/www.hpva.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.4 National Hardwood Lumber Association(NHLA)Stan-dard:6NHLA Rules for the Measurement and Inspection of Hard-wood and Cypress2.5 ASME Standards:7ASME B18.2.1-2010 Square,Hex,Heavy Hex,and AskewHead Bolts and Hex,Heavy Hex,Hex Flange,LobedHead,and Lag Screws(Inch Series)ASME B18.2.2-2010 Nuts for General Applications:Ma-chine Screw Nuts,Hex,Square,Hex Flange,and Cou-pling Nuts(Inch Series)ASME B18.2.3.8M-1981 Metri