ASTM_D_720_-_D_720M_-_15e1.pdf

Designation:D720/D720M151Standard Test Method forFree-Swelling Index of Coal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D720/D720M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEAdded research report footnote to the Appendix editorially in March 2015.1.Scope1.1 This test method2is a small-scale test for obtaininginformation regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal.The results may be used as an indication of the cakingcharacteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel.This test is notrecommended as a method for the determination of expansionof coals in coke ovens.1.2 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions,when working with asbestos-cement products,minimize the dust that results.For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos,refer to,Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos:A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.31.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method,in addition to indicating the cakingproperties of a coal when burned as a fuel,can be used to givea broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.4.Apparatus4.1 This test method can be made with either electric or gasheating.When using electric heating,the results obtained mustbe the same as those obtained when using the gas heatingmethod.The apparatus common to both electric and gasmethods shall consist of the following:4.1.1 Crucible,translucent silica,low-form,with a flat,close-fitting silica ring-handle lid and an extra pierced lid foruse in determining the crucible temperature,conforming to thefollowing requirements:Weight,g11.0 to 12.75External height,mm26 0.5External diameter at top,mm41 0.75Internal diameter at base,min,mm11Capacity(approximate),cm3174.1.2 Sight Tube,as shown in Fig.1,for viewing the cokebuttons so that the effect of parallax will be eliminated.Makethe tube of any rigid and preferably opaque material andsupport vertically on a ring stand.4.1.3 Thermocouple and Potentiometer.4.1.4 Weight,500 g.4.2 The electric apparatus shall consist of the following:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on MetallurgicalProperties of Coal and Coke.Current edition approved Jan.1,2015.Published January 2015.Originallyapproved in 1943.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D720 91(2010).DOI:10.1520/D0720/D0720M-15E01.2This test method is an adaptation of the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal of theBritish Standards Institution.For information concerning the experimental work onwhich this adaptation is based,see paper by Ostborg,H.N.,Limbacker,H.R.,andSherman,R.A.,“An Experimental Investigation of the British Standard Method forthe Crucible Swelling Test for Coal,”Proceedings,Am.Soc.Testing Mats.,Vol 42,1042,p.851.See also a paper by Selvig,W.A.,and Ode,W.H.,“An Investigationof a Laboratory Test for Determination of the Free-Swelling Index of Coal,”U.S.Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4238,Revision of R.I.3989,1948.3Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos:A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures Chrysotile Institute 1200,McGill College Suite 1640 Montreal,QuebecCanada H3B 4G74For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.2.1 Furnace,consisting of a base,a heating element,anda chimney.The unit is shown in Fig.2.4.2.1.1 ChimneyFig.2 shows the chimney design.Makethe unit from firebrick and coat with firebrick bonding mortar.Maintain the chimney under compression by a sheet-metalenv