ASTM_D_71_-_94_2015e1.pdf

Designation:D7194(Reapproved 2015)1Standard Test Method forRelative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt(DisplacementMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D71;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTESI unit formatting was corrected editorially in May 2015.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of relativedensity by water displacement of hard pitches and asphaltswith softening points above 70 C.1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall bedetermined,whenever possible,on homogeneous natural frag-ments free of cracks.The use of cast cubes is not recommendeddue to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches(Cube-in-Water Method)D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 relative densitythe ratio of a given volume ofmaterial at 25 C to the mass of an equal volume of water at thesame temperature(specific gravity).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is suspended from a thin wire and weighed,first in air,then submerged in water at 25.0 C.The relativedensity is calculated from these masses.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches andasphalts as one element in establishing uniformity of shipmentsand sources of supply.6.Apparatus6.1 Pan Straddle,suitable for use with an analytical bal-ance.6.2 Analytical Balance,equipped with a hook above the panand capable of weighing a 20 g specimen to 1 mg.6.3 Water Bath,maintained at 25.0 C 6 0.2 C and pro-vided with mechanical stirring/circulation.6.4 Thermometer,capable of measuring water temperatureof 25.0 C 6 0.2 C(or other suitable temperature measuringinstrument).6.5 Nichrome Wire,0.127 mm diameter or monofilamentnylon fishing line of about the same diameter for attachingspecimen to the balance pan hook.7.Bulk Sampling7.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordancewith Practice D140 or Practice D4296,and shall be free offoreign substances.Thoroughly mix the sample before remov-ing a representative portion for the determination.8.Test Specimens8.1 Select two fragments of the bulk sample weighingbetween 5 g and 20 g each.Inspect the fragments carefully toensure the use of specimens free of cracks and other surfacedefects.8.2 If the nature of the material is such that specimens canbe cast without incorporation of air bubbles,follow the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels,Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved April 1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallyapproved in 1920.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D71 94(2009).DOI:10.1520/D0071-94R15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 preparation and casting directions in Test Method D61.Cubemolds measuring a minimum of 12.7 mm per side or larger canbe used.Assemble the cube molds so that solid cubes with noperforations can be cast.A softening point cube mold baseplate can be inverted to provide the required flat surface onwhich to assemble the cube mold before pouring.9.Procedure9.1 Tare the balance with a piece of 0.127 mm Nichromewire or monofilament nylon line sufficiently long to reach fromthe hook on the pan support to the straddle when the latter is inposition across the pan.Attach the test specimen to the wire orline so that it is suspended 20 mm to 30 mm above the straddlewhen the other end of the wire is attached to the hook.9.2 Weigh the suspended specimen to the nearest 1 mg andrecord this mass as a.Fill a 400 mL or 600 mL beakertwo-thirds full with freshly boiled distilled water containing asmall amount of detergent(Note 1).Adjust the temperature ofthe water to 25.0 C 6 0.2 C,and maintain this temperatureduring the remainder of the test.Place th