ASTM_D_7110_-_21.pdf

Designation:D711021Standard Test Method forDetermining the Viscosity-Temperature Relationship of Usedand Soot-Containing Engine Oils at Low Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7110;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers how to measure the apparentviscosity of used and soot-containing engine oils at lowtemperatures.1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s-1is produced atshear stresses below 200 Pa.Apparent viscosity is measuredcontinuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 3 C per hourover the range of 5 C to 40 C.1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method areviscosity,the maximum rate of viscosity increase(GelationIndex)and the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engineoils has not been determined in preparing this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations andCharts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon ProductsD3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline PumpingTemperature of Engine OilD4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5133 Test Method for Low Temperature,Low Shear Rate,Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating OilsUsing a Temperature-Scanning TechniqueD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum ImmersionDepth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-ment DriftE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 apparent viscosity,nthe viscosity obtained by use ofthis test method.3.1.1.1 DiscussionSee 3.1.7 for definition of viscosity andunits.3.1.2 digital contact thermometer(DCT),nan electronicdevice consisting of a digital display and associated tempera-ture sensing probe.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis device consists of a temperaturesensor connected to a measuring instrument;this instrumentmeasures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor,computes the temperature from the measured quantity,andprovides a digital output.This digital output goes to a digitaldisplay and/or recording device that may be internal or externalto the device.3.1.2.2 DiscussionThe devices are often referred to as a“digital thermometers,”however the term includes devices thatsense temperature by means other than being in physicalcontact with the media.3.1.2.3 DiscussionPET is an acronym for portable elec-tronic thermometers,a subset of digital contact thermometers(DCT).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved Jan.1,2021.Published February 2021.Originallyapproved in 2005.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D7110 20.DOI:10.1520/D7110-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.1.3 Newtonian oil,nan oil or fluid that at a giventemperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates orshear stresses.3.1.4 non-Newtonian oil,nan oil or fluid that at a giventemperature exhibits a v