ASTM_D_7081_-_05.pdf

Designation:D7081 05Standard Specification forNon-Floating Biodegradable Plastics in the MarineEnvironment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7081;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers products made from plastics(including packaging and coatings)that are designed to bebiodegradable under the marine environmental conditions ofaerobic marine waters or anaerobic marine sediments,or both.(Possible environments are shallow and deep salt water andbrackish water.)1.2 This specification is intended to establish the require-ments for labeling materials and products,including packag-ing,as“biodegradable in marine waters and sediments.”1.3 The properties in this specification are those required todetermine if products(including packaging)will biodegradesatisfactorily,including biodegrading at a rate comparable toknown compostable materials.Further,the properties in thespecification are required to assure that the degradation of thesematerials will not diminish the value or utility of the marineresources and habitat.1.4 This specification does not describe contents or theirperformance with regard to biodegradability.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the testmethods portion of this standard:This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associatedwith its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate health and safety practices and todetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.NOTE1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD5338 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegrada-tion of Plastic Materials Under Controlled CompostingConditionsD6002 Guide for Assessing the Compostability of Environ-mentally Degradable PlasticsD6400 Specification for Compostable PlasticsD6691 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegrada-tion of Plastic Materials in the Marine Environment by aDefined Microbial Consortium2.2ISO Standards:3ISO 14851:1999 Determination of the Ultimate AerobicBiodegradability of Plastic Materials in an AqueousMediumMethod by Measuring the Oxygen Demand ina Closed RespirometerISO 14852:1999 Determination of the Ultimate AerobicBiodegradability of Plastic Materials in an AqueousMediumMethod by Analysis of Evolved Carbon Diox-ideISO 14855:1999 Determination of the Ultimate AerobicBiodegradability and Disintegration of Plastic Materialsunder Controlled Composting ConditionsMethod byAnalysis of Evolved Carbon Dioxide2.3Comite European de Normalisation(CEN):3EN 13432 PackagingRequirements for Packaging Recov-erable through Composting and BiodegradationTestScheme and Evaluation Criteria for the Final Acceptanceof Packaging2.4Government Standards:440 CFR Part 141 National Primary Drinking Water Regula-tions40 CFR Part 143 National Secondary Drinking Water Regu-lationsOPPTS 850.1010 Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test,Freshwater DaphnidsOPPTS 850.1075 Estuarine/Marine Fish Acute ToxicityStudyOPPTS 850.5400 Algal Acute Toxicity Study3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification,referto Terminology D883.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmen-tally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Content.Current edition approved July 1,2005.Published August 2005.DOI:10.1520/D7081-05.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.4Code of Federal Regulations,available from U.S.Government Printing Office,Washington,DC 20402.1Copyright.ASTM International.100 Barr Harbou r Dr.PO box C-700 West Conshohocken,Pennsylvania 19428-2959,United States Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sat May 28 19:46:15 EDT 2011Downloaded/printed byJohn Rufino(Material+Research+Corporation)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.3.1.1 materialsofnaturalorigin5,nchemically-unmodified packaging materials and constituents of naturalorigin,such as wood,wood fiber,cotton fiber,starch,paperpulp,jute,chitin,chitosan and cellulose.3.1.2 mesophilic phase6,ntemperature range from ap-proximately 20C to 40C over which microorganisms adaptedto moderate conditions maintain active metabolic rates.3.1.3 psychrophilic phase6,ntemperature range from ap-proximately 2C to 20C over which microorganisms adaptedto cold conditions maintain active