ASTM_D_7481_-_09.pdf

Designation:D748109Standard Test Methods forDetermining Loose and Tapped Bulk Densities of Powdersusing a Graduated Cylinder1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7481;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and proceduresfor determining the bulk densities of free flowing and moder-ately cohesive powders and granular materials up to 3.5 mm insize in their loose(Method A)and tapped(Method B)states.1.2 This test method should be performed in a laboratoryunder controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.1.3 This test method is similar to those of Test MethodsB212,D29,and D2854.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variations,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-FlowingMetal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter FunnelB527 Test Method for Determination of Tap Density ofMetallic Powders and CompoundsC29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density(“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateD29 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Lac Resins(Withdrawn 2005)3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4164 Test Method for Mechanically Tapped Packing Den-sity of Formed Catalyst and Catalyst CarriersD4753 Guide for Evaluating,Selecting,and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,Rock,andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6683 Test Method for Measuring Bulk Density Values ofPowders and Other Bulk Solids as Function of Compres-sive Stress3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor common definitions of technical termsin this standard,refer to Terminology D653.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterizationand Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.Current edition approved Oct.1,2009.Published October 2009.DOI:10.1520/D7481-09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 loose bulk density,rL,g/cm3,nin powders,the bulkdensity that results from pouring the powder into a heap orcontainer in the absence of any applied compression,g/cm3.3.2.2 tapped bulk density,rT,g/cm3,nin powders,thebulk density resulting from the application of compression,forexample,impact or vibration,g/cm3.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Loose bulk density(Method A)is determined by mea-suring the volume of a known mass of powder that has beenpassed through a screen or funnel into a graduated cylinder.4.2 Tapped bulk density(Method B)is achieved by me-chanically tapping a measuring cylinder containing a powder.After observing the initial volume,the cylinder is mechanicallytapped,and volume readings are taken until little furthervolume change is observed.5.Significance and Use5.1 The data from the loose bulk density test can be used toestimate the size of bags,totes,small bins or hoppers for t