ASTM_D_6989_-_03_2013.pdf

Designation:D698903(Reapproved 2013)Standard Practices forPreparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink ResinSolutions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6989;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for pre-paring a solvent or water based ink resin solution in low boilingsolvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment;(1)an industrial blender(Sections 3-7),and(2)a laboratory rollermill(Sections 8-12).NOTE1ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the indus-trial blender where possible.1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generallyavailable in a normal,well-equipped laboratory.1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intendedmainly for liquid(for example,flexographic and rotogravure)inks.The type of resins is typically,but not limited to,acrylicand styrene/acrylic copolymers,polyamides,polyesters,polyvinylbutyral,and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used includeethanol,isopropanol,n-propanol,ethyl acetate,isopropylacetate,and n-propyl acetate.For water based ink resinsolutions,water is used in combination with ammoniumhydroxideoraminessuchasdimethylethanolamine,monoethanolamine,and triethylamine.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 cold cut,ndispersion of resin into solvent using highshear dispersion without external heating.2.1.2 compatibility,nthe ability of two or more differingsubstances to be mixed together without resultant kick-out orhaziness.2.1.3 dissolution,nthe point at which all resin completelydissolves in the solvent.2.1.4 incompatibility,nwhen a mixture of two or morediffering substances results in precipitation,kick-out,or hazi-ness.2.1.5 solution,nresinandsolventformaclear,compatible,and homogeneous mixture.2.1.5.1 DiscussionIndustrial practice may use the term“solution”loosely to describe what may actually be a clear“dispersion.”For the sake of simplification,the terms solutionand dispersion have been used interchangeably in this practice.BLENDER3.Summary of Blender Practice3.1 Place required amount of resin and solvent in a blenderjar.3.2 Mix the resin-solvent mixture at high speed in a blenderuntil heat is developed by the high shear and the resin isdissolved into solution.3.3 The resulting resin solution can be used to measureparameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility ofa printing ink resin.4.Significance and Use of Blender Practice4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resinsolutions by the“cold cut”method,modeling high-shearproduction dispersion techniques.5.Apparatus5.1 Balance or Scale,weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.5.2 Blender,with one quart vessel and cover,115 alternatingcurrent volts(VAC),60 Hz,840 W(preferably explosionproof).5.3 Filter Media,(such as organdy cloth).5.4 Auxiliary Equipment,(that is,aluminum foil,papertowels,lab filter stand,etc.).1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1,2013.Published June 2013.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6989 03(2008).DOI:10.1520/D6989-03R13.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Sampling6.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed(typically to asize no larger than 6 mm2.6.2 The total mass of resin solids and solvent should beapproximately 800 g.The exact amount(separately)of resinsolids and solvent will vary depending on the target percentsolids to be achieved.7.Procedure7.1 Weigh(separately)solid resin and desired solvent blend(which may consist of a mixture of organic solvents or acombination of water and ammonia/amine)to the nearest 0.1 gto meet concentration requirements.Add the solvent blend tothe blender vessel.7.2 Place the blender vessel on blender and start mixingaction on low speed.7.3 Add solid resin slowly into blender vessel and increasemixing speed,as mixture viscosity thickens,until all resin isadded.Place cover on blender vessel.7.4 Insulate blender vessel with paper towels wrapped inaluminum foil(optional).7.5 Continue mixing for 15 min after all resin is added.7.5.1 If not all resin is dissolved or if the mixture is notclear,c