ASTM_D_7100_-_11.pdf

Designation:D710011Standard Test Method forHydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils withAqueous Solutions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7100;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers hydraulic conductivity compat-ibility testing of saturated soils in the laboratory with aqueoussolutions that may alter hydraulic conductivity(for example,waste related liquids)using a flexible-wall permeameter.Ahydraulic conductivity test is conducted until both hydraulicand chemical equilibrium are achieved such that potentialinteractions between the soil specimen being permeated andthe aqueous solution are taken into consideration with respectto the measured hydraulic conductivity.1.2 This test method is applicable to soils with hydraulicconductivities less than approximately 1 10-8m/s.1.3 In addition to hydraulic conductivity,intrinsic perme-ability can be determined for a soil if the density and viscosityof the aqueous solution are known or can be determined.1.4 This test method can be used for all specimen types,including undisturbed,reconstituted,remolded,compacted,etc.specimens.1.5 Aspecimen may be saturated and permeated using threemethods.Method 1 is for saturation with water and permeationwith aqueous solution.Method 2 is for saturation and perme-ation with aqueous solution.Method 3 is for saturation withwater,initial permeation with water,and subsequent perme-ation with aqueous solution.1.6 The amount of flow through a specimen in response toa hydraulic gradient generated across the specimen is measuredwith respect to time.The amount and properties of influent andeffluent liquids are monitored during the test.1.7 The hydraulic conductivity with an aqueous solution isdetermined using procedures similar to determination of hy-draulic conductivity of saturated soils with water as describedin Test Methods D5084.Several test procedures can be used,including the falling headwater-rising tailwater,the constant-head,the falling headwater-constant tailwater,or the constantrate-of-flow test procedures.1.8 UnitsThe standard units for the hydraulic conductivityvalues are the SI units.The inch-pound units given in paren-theses are mathematical conversions which are provided forinformation purposes only and are not considered standard.1.8.1 Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been ex-pressed in cm/s in the U.S.,even though the official SI unit forhydraulic conductivity is m/s.1.8.2 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units.In this system,the pound(lbf)represents a unit of force(weight),while the unit for massis slugs.1.8.3 The slug unit of mass is almost never used incommercial practice;i.e.,density,balances,etc.Therefore,thestandard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram(kg)or gram(g),or both.Also,the equivalent inch-pound unit(slug)is not given/presented in parentheses.However,the useof balances or scales recording pounds of mass(lbm)orrecording density in lbm/ft3shall not be regarded as noncon-formance with this standard.1.9 This standard contains a Hazards section related to usinghazardous liquids(Section 7).1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on HydrologicProperties and Hydraulic Barriers.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published January 2012.Orginallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D710006.DOI:10.1520/D7100-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in WaterD1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-tivity of WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD1429 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and BrineD1498 Test Method for Oxidation-Reduction Potential ofWaterD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compactio