ASTM_D_6956_-_11.pdf

Designation:D695611Standard Guide forDemonstrating and Assessing Whether a ChemicalAnalytical Measurement System Provides Analytical ResultsConsistent with Their Intended Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6956;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes an approach for demonstrating thequality of analytical chemical measurement results from theapplication of a measurement system(that is,method orsequence of methods)to the analysis of environmental samplesof soil,water,air,or waste.The purpose of such measurementscan include demonstrating compliance with a regulatory limit,determining whether a site is contaminated above some speci-fied level,or determining treatment process efficacy.1.2 This guide describes a procedure that can be used toassess a measurement system used to generate analyticalresults for a specific purpose.Users and reviewers of theanalytical results can determine,with a known level ofconfidence,if they meet the quality requirements and aresuitable for the intended use.1.3 This protocol does not address the general componentsof laboratory quality systems necessary to ensure the overallquality of laboratory operations.For such systems,the user isreferred to International Standards Organization(ISO)Stan-dard 17025 or the National Environmental LaboratoryAccredi-tation Conference(NELAC)laboratory accreditation stan-dards.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Quality Assuranceand Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementD5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Development ofData Quality ObjectivesD5956 Guide for Sampling Strategies for HeterogeneousWastesD6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Managementof Waste and Contaminated MediaD6233 Guide for Data Assessment for Environmental WasteManagement ActivitiesD6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Confi-dence Limit for Statistical Testing of Mean Concentrationin Waste Management DecisionsD6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Relatedto Waste Management Activities:Selection and Optimiza-tion of Sampling DesignD6582 Guide for Ranked Set Sampling:Efficient Estimationof a Mean Concentration in Environmental Sampling(Withdrawn 2012)3D6597 Practice for Assessment of Attaining Clean Up Levelfor Site Closure2.2 Other Documents:Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty ofNIST Measurement Results,National Institute of StandardTechnology Technical Note 1297,199441This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 onPlanning for Sampling.Current edition approved July 1,2011.Published August 2011.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6956 03.DOI:10.1520/D6956-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),100Bureau Dr.,Stop 1070,Gaithersburg,MD 20899-1070,http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 ISO/IEC 17025:1999 General Requirements for the Compe-tence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories5Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement,EURACHEM/CITAC Guide,second edition,200063.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology D5681.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 action level(AL)the level above or below which willlead to the adoption of one of two alternative actions.3.2.2 measurement quality objectives(MQOs)quantitativestatements of the acceptable level of selectivity,sensitivity,bias,and precision for measurements of the analyte of interestin the matrix of concern.3.2.3 measurement systemall elements of the analyticalprocess including laboratory subsampling,sample preparationand cleanup,and analyte detection and