ASTM_D_776_-_92_2001.pdf

Designation:D 776 92(Reapproved 2001)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermination of Effect of Dry Heat on Properties of Paperand Board1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 776;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method specifies the procedure for dry heattreatment of paper or board and the general procedure fortesting the heat-treated materials.The purpose is to obtain,byan accelerated test,inferences about the aging qualities of thepaper.1.2 This test method is based on work performed on printingand writing papers but may be used with discretion for othertypes of papers and boards.This procedure is not intended foruse with electrical insulating papers,whose testing is describedin Test Methods D 202.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing UntreatedPaper Used for Electrical Insulation2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related Products3D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing3D 828 Test Method for Tensile Breaking Properties of Paperand Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Appa-ratus3D 829 Test Methods for Wet Tensile Breaking Strength ofPaper and Paper Products3D 919 Test Method for Copper Number of Paper andPaperboard3D 2176 Test Method for Folding Endurance of Paper by theM.I.T.Tester3D 4714 Test Method for Determination of Effect of MoistHeat(50%Relative Humidity and 90C)on Properties ofPaper and Board3E 145 Test Method for GravityConvection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens42.2TAPPI Methods:5,6T 212 One Percent Sodium Hydroxide Solubility of Woodand PulpT 423 Folding Endurance of Paper(Schopper Type Tester)T 425 Brightness of Pulp,Paper,and Paperboard(Direc-tional Reflectance at 457 mm)T 509 Hydrogen Ion Concentration(pH)of Paper Extracts(Cold Extraction Method)3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Properties of paper or board are compared before andafter“accelerated aging”in a dry atmosphere at an elevatedtemperature.4.Significance and Use4.1 Exposure of paper or board to a hostile environment,such as some types of radiation,elevated temperature,orchemical attack over a period of hours,may provide informa-tion concerning the natural changes that may occur in thematerial over a period of years.4.2 Hostile environments that have been used include ex-posure to heat,to heat and moisture,to visible and ultravioletradiation,and to sulfur dioxide gas.4.3 Properties compared before and after such exposureinclude mechanical properties,such as folding endurance andtearing resistance,optical properties such as brightness and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept.15,1992.Published November 1992.Originallypublished as D 776 44T.Last previous edition D 776 87.This test method is related to TAPPI T 453 pm-85,Effect of Dry Heat onProperties of Paper and Board,and ISO 5630/1-1982,Paper and BoardAccelerated AgingPart 1:Dry Heat Treatment.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 10.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.5Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,Technology Park/Atlanta,P.O.Box 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.6Other MethodsZero-Span Tensile Strength:Although there is a TAPPIprocedure for zero-span breaking length of pulp(T 231 Zero-Span Breaking Lengthof Pulp),there is none for paper.Commercial instruments are available formeasuring the zero-span tensile strength of paper.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.opacity,and chemical properties such as pH and alkali resis-tance.For additional information,see Test Methods D 828,D 829,D 919,D 2176,TAPPI Methods T 509,T 212,T 423,and T 425.4.4 For determining the effect of moist heat treatment onpaper see Test Method D 4714.It has been determined that thedegradation of cellulose is very sensitive to moisture.7,8Com-parison of accelerated aging with natural aging indicates thatsome moisture should be present in an accelerated agingatmosphere.9Dry accelerated aging of cellulose is much lesssensitive and probably does not rank papers in order of stabilityas accurately as moist accelerated aging.Dry aging is muchsimpler to use and may be adequate for many purposes,butmoist acc