ASTM_D_7214_-_07a_2012.pdf

Designation:D721407a(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IRUsing Peak Area Increase Calculation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7214;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method was jointly developed with“Groupement Francais de Coordination”(GFC),technical committee LM5 and“Coordinating European Council”(CEC)Surveillance Group T-048 forthe purpose of monitoring the oxidation stability of artificially aged automotive transmission fluids.This test method has been used in the CEC L-48-A-00 method as an end of test measurementparameter.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida-tion of used lubricants by FT-IR(Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy).It measures the concentration change of con-stituents containing a carbonyl function that have formedduring the oxidation of the lubricant.1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relativechanges that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions.Thetest method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidationproperty that can be used to predict performance of an oil inservice.1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oilswhich have been degraded either in service,or in a laboratorytest,for example a bulk oxidation test.It may be used for otherin-service oils,but the stated precision may not apply.1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by thepresence of other components with an absorbance band in thezone of 16001800 cm-1.Low PAI values may be difficult todetermine in those cases.Section 6 describes these possibleinterferences in more detail.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceE131 Terminology Relating to Molecular SpectroscopyE1421 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performanceof Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared(FT-MIR)Spectrom-eters:Level Zero and Level One TestsE1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Perfor-mance Tests2.2 CEC Standard:CEC L-48-A-00 Oxidation Stability of Lubricating OilsUsed in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terminology relating to molecularspectroscopic methods,refer to Terminology E131.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.96 on In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition MonitoringServices.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 2006.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D721407a.DOI:10.1520/D7214-07AR12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Coordinating European Council(CEC),c/o Interlynk Admin-istrative Services,Ltd.,P.O.Box 6475,Earl Shilton,Leicester,LE9 9ZB,U.K.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.1 carbonyl region,nregion of the FT-IR spectrumcorresponding to the absorbance of compounds containing acarbonyl function.Depending on the nature of the carbonylcompounds,this region is usually located between approxi-mately 1820 cm-1and 1650 cm-1.3.2.2 differential spectrum,nFT-IR absorbance spectrumresulting from the subtraction of the fresh oil from the used oil.3.2.3 PAI(peak area increase),narea of the carbonylregion of the differential FT-IR spectrum,divided by the cellpathlength in millimetres.In this standard,PAI refers to arelative measurement of the oxidation of a used lubricant byFT-IR.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 FT-IR spectra of the fresh oil and of the used oil arerecorded in a transmission cell of known pathlength.Bothspectra are converted to absorbance and then subtracted.Usingthis resulting differential spectrum,a baseline is set under thepeak corresponding to the carbonyl region around 1650 cm-1an