ASTM_D_7305_-_08a_2020.pdf

Designation:D730508a(Reapproved 2020)Standard Test Method forReflection Density of Printed Matter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7305;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuringreflection density of printed matter using a reflection densitom-eter or spectrodensitometer.1.2 This test method is intended primarily for process colors(yellow,magenta and cyan)and black.With appropriateinstrumentation,it may also be used for other colors.1.3 This test method applies to prints made by any printingprocess on a flat surface,with reflection density values rangingfrom just above zero,on the unprinted substrate,through toaround 2.5 for very dense prints.1.4 This test method can be used for prints on paper,film orboard but not for those on metal or foil.It can be conducted inthe pressroom or laboratory.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E284 Terminology of AppearanceE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ANSI Standards:3CGATS.4-1993 Graphic Technology Graphic Arts Reflec-tion Densitometry Measurements Terminology,Equations,Image Elements and ProceduresCGATS.6 Graphic Technology Specifications for GraphicArts PrintingCGATS.11-1999 Graphic Technology Certified Refer-ence Materials for Reflection and Transmission Metrology Documentation Requirements and Recommended Pro-ceduresPH 2.17 Geometric Conditions for Reflection DensityPH 2.18 Spectral Conditions for the Measurement of OpticalDensity2.3 ISO Standard:3ISO 15790 Graphic technology and photography Certi-fied reference materials for reflection and transmissionmetrology Documentation and procedures for use,including determination of combined standard uncertainty2.4 Other Standard:3DIN 16536-2:1986 Testing of prints and printing inks ingraphic technology Colour density measurements onon-press or off-press prints3.Terminology3.1 Definitions related to appearance are in TerminologyE284.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 reflection density,nthe light-absorbing property of amaterial,expressed as the logarithm of the reciprocal of thereflectance factor(i.e.higher density indicates more light isabsorbed).D=log10(1/R)=-log10(R)3.2.2 reflection densitometry,nthe practice of characteriz-ing the amount of light absorption of materials by measuringreflectance and calculating and reporting reflection density.3.2.3 spectrodensitometer,na spectrophotometer with ap-propriate software to convert the measured reflectance valuesto reflection density.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved June 1,2020.Published July 2020.Originally approvedin 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7305 08a(2013).DOI:10.1520/D7305-08AR20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.3.2.4 process color,na color having the main attribute ofabsorbing approximately one-third(1/3)the visible spectrumand transmitting the other two-thirds(2/3).3.2.5 dry back,nthe reduction in density that occurs overtime after printing on paper and other absorbent substrates dueto ink pene