ASTM_D_7026_-_13.pdf

Designation:D702613Standard Guide forSampling and Reporting of Results for Determination ofPercent Biobased Content of Materials via Carbon IsotopeAnalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7026;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe biobased content of a material and the resources consumed in creation of the material,bothenergy and raw materials are defined in Guide D6852.These resources are expressed as carbonequivalent.Percent Biobased Carbon Content represents new or recently fixed carbon,opposed tofossil carbon fixed millions of years ago.Test Methods D6866 presents two methods for experimen-tally determining the percentage of recently fixed carbon in a sample by means of its radioisotopecontent,allowing direct determination of its biobased content.The following guide represents acompanion document to Test Methods D6866 and defines the sampling and sample handlingprocedures for the radioisotope methods for determination of biobased content.There are a great variety of biobased materials that may be tested using one of the radioisotopemethods,with a wide range of physical characteristics and special sampling problems.It is not the intent of this guide to provide specific sample collection and handling instructions fora specific material.Rather,the guide presents general outlines to be followed in sampling proceduresand encourages the use of existing material-specific sampling procedures validated by extensive usein industry.The emphasis in the guide is to provide thorough and transparent reporting that allowssubsequent evaluation of the validity of the claims regards biobased content.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides a framework for collecting andhandling samples for determination of biobased content ofmaterials by means of the carbon isotope method described inTest Methods D6866.Tests for sampling adequacy based onthe standard statistical tools are provided.In addition,reportingof the results,including sampling techniques and handlingprocedures and chain-of-custody issues are discussed.1.2 This guide is concerned with collecting representativesamples within a given material or a lot,not with lot-to-lotvariations such as considered in quality control schemes.1.3 Biobased materials often represent sampling problemsspecific to a given material,such as heterogeneity,and so forth,which require employment of material-specific sampling meth-ods.The use of specialized sampling methods already acceptedand validated by industries that manufacture and/or use thebiomaterial is encouraged.However,all sampling techniques,especially non-standard techniques developed for specific ma-terials must be reported in sufficient detail to allow criticalassessment of the techniques used.1.4 Carbon isotope analysis involves thermal processing inpresence of oxidants.Compatibility of any given material withTest Methods D6866 must be assessed.Special attention mustbe given to materials with potential for explosion hazards,suchas peroxides,nitrated compounds,azides,and so forth.Ex-amples of peroxide-forming compounds are ethers,someketones and a number of other compounds.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.NOTE1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally DegradablePlastics and Biobased Products.Current edition approved April 1,2013.Published April 2013.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D7026-04,which waswithdrawn January 2013 and reinstated with revisions in April 2013.DOI:10.1520/D7026-13.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6852 Guide for Determination of Biobased Content,Re-sources Consumption,and Environmental Profile of Ma-terials and Products(Withdrawn 2011)3D6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Contentof Solid,Liquid,and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar-bon AnalysisE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process2.2 Other Reference:Cramer,H.,“Elements of Probability Theory,”Wiley&Sons,NY,19613.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 representative sample