ASTM_D_6866_-_22.pdf

Designation:D686622Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Biobased Content of Solid,Liquid,andGaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6866;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This standard is a test method that teaches how toexperimentally measure biobased carbon content of solids,liquids,and gaseous samples using radiocarbon analysis.Thesetest methods do not address environmental impact,productperformance and functionality,determination of geographicalorigin,or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbonnecessary for compliance with federal laws.1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product con-taining carbon-based components that can be combusted in thepresence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide(CO2)gas.Theoverall analytical method is also applicable to gaseoussamples,including flue gases from electrical utility boilers andwaste incinerators.1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basicprinciples of the instrumentation used although minimumrequirements for instrument selection are referenced in theReferences section.However,the preparation of samples forthe above test methods is described.No details of instrumentoperation are included here.These are best obtained from themanufacturer of the specific instrument in use.1.4 LimitationThis standard is applicable to laboratoriesworking without exposure to artificial carbon-14(14C).Artifi-cial14C is routinely used in biomedical studies by both liquidscintillation counter(LSC)and accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)laboratories and can exist within the laboratory at levels1,000 times or more than 100%biobased materials and100,000 times more than 1%biobased materials.Once in thelaboratory,artificial14C can become undetectably ubiquitouson door knobs,pens,desk tops,and other surfaces but whichmay randomly contaminate an unknown sample producinginaccurately high biobased results.Despite vigorous attemptsto clean up contaminating artificial14C from a laboratory,isolation has proven to be the only successful method ofavoidance.Completely separate chemical laboratories andextreme measures for detection validation are required fromlaboratories exposed to artificial14C.Accepted requirementsare:(1)disclosure to clients that the laboratory(s)working withtheir products and materials also works with artificial14C(2)chemical laboratories in separate buildings for thehandling of artificial14C and biobased samples(3)separate personnel who do not enter the buildings of theother(4)no sharing of common areas such as lunch rooms andoffices(5)no sharing of supplies or chemicals between the two(6)quasi-simultaneous quality assurance measurementswithin the detector validating the absence of contaminationwithin the detector itself.(1,2,and 3)21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1ISO 16620-2 is equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmen-tally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products.Current edition approved March 15,2022.Published March 2022.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D6866-21.DOI:10.1520/D6866-22.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.12.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2.2 Other Standards:4CEN/TS 16640:2014 Biobased ProductsDetermination ofthe biobased carbon content of products using the radio-carbon methodCEN/TS 16137:2011 PlasticsDetermination of biobasedcarbon contentISO 16620-2:2015 PlasticsBiobased contentPart