ASTM_D_7459_-_08.pdf

Designation:D745908Standard Practice forCollection of Integrated Samples for the Speciation ofBiomass(Biogenic)and Fossil-Derived Carbon DioxideEmitted from Stationary Emissions Sources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7459;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice defines specific procedures for the collec-tion of gas samples from stationary emission sources forsubsequent laboratory determination of the ratio of biomass(biogenic)carbon to total carbon(fossil derived carbon plusbiomass or biogenic carbon)in accordance with D6866.1.2 This practice applies to stationary sources that burnmunicipal solid waste or a combination of fossil fuel(forexample,coal,oil,natural gas)and biomass fuel(for example,wood,wood waste,paper,agricultural waste,biogas)inboilers,combustion turbines,incinerators,kilns,internal com-bustion engines and other combustion devices.1.3 This practice applies to the collection of integratedsamples over periods from 1 hour to 24 hours,or longer.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Contentof Solid,Liquid,and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar-bon Analysis2.2 Federal Standards:340 CFR 60 Appendix B,Performance Specification40 CFR 60 Appendix A,Reference MethodUncertainties In Non-Proportional Sampling,Part 75 PolicyAnd Communication Efforts,EPAContract No.EP-W-07-064,Work Assignment No.0-8,Task No.6(February 15,2008 Draft)3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor additional definitions of terms used inthis practice,refer to Terminology D1356 and Test MethodsD6866.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 biomass(biogenic)CO2,n CO2recently removedfrom the atmosphere by plants,then returned to the atmosphereby combustion or biogenic decay.3.2.1.1 DiscussionBiomass CO2emitted from combustiondevices is often referred to as“carbon-neutral CO2.”3.2.1.2 DiscussionBiomass carbon contains the isotoperadiocarbon(carbon-14)in measurable quantities.Radiocarbonis a radioactive isotope of the element carbon,carbon-14,having 8 neutrons,6 protons,and 6 electrons making up 1 10-12natural abundance of carbon on earth.It decays exponen-tially with a half-life of about 5700 years and as such is notmeasurable in fossil materials derived from petroleum,coal,natural gas or any other source more than about 50,000 yearsold.3.2.2 constant rate sampling,nsampling conducted at afixed sampling rate.3.2.3 Fossil CO2,nCO2introduced into the atmospherethrough the combustion or thermal dissociation of fossilmaterials.3.2.3.1 DiscussionFossil-derived CO2is void of radiocar-bon and consists entirely of the“stable carbon”isotopescarbon-13(having 7 neutrons,6 protons,and 6 electrons)making up 1.2%natural abundance carbon on earth and1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheresand Source Emissions.Current edition approved Aug.1,2008.Published August 2008.DOI:10.1520/D7459-08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,DODSSP,Bldg.4,SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5098,http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 carbon-12(having 6 neutrons,6 protons,and 6 electrons)andmaking up 98.8%natural abundance carbon on earth.3.2.4proportional sampling,nsampling conducted suchthat the ratio of the sampling rate to stack gas velocity orvolumetric flow rate is constant.3.2.5 speciation,nidentification of the biomass and fossil-derived CO2components within bulk air effluents.3.2.6 sub-sampling,nthe process of taking a representa-tive smaller amount of sample volume from a large bulksample volume.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Representative gas samples are collected at a constantrate from stationary emission sources into portable containersfor shipment to off-site analytical facilities performing D6866analysis.NOTE1The complexity of the analytical m