ASTM_D_8_-_13b.pdf

Designation:D813bStandard Terminology Relating toMaterials for Roads and Pavements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into FourFractionsD4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling AgentsD5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgents2.Terminologyaggregate,na granular material of mineral composition suchas sand,gravel,shell,slag,or crushed stone,used with acementing medium to form mortars or concrete,or alone asin base courses,railroad ballasts,etc.anionic emulsion,na type of emulsion such that a particularemulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negativecharges on the discontinuous phase.asphalt,nA dark brown to black cement-like residuumobtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.DISCUSSIONThe distillation processes may involve one or more ofthe following:atmospheric distillation,vacuum distillation,steamdistillation.Further processing of distillation residuum may be neededto yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-cial applications.These additional processes can involve air oxidation,solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-istics.In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.asphalt binder,nasphalt which may or may not contain anasphalt modifier(see asphalt modifier).DISCUSSIONthis term is often used in the Performance GradedBinder system.asphalt cement,nSee asphaltasphalt concrete,nSee asphalt mix.asphalt mix(asphalt mixture),na mixture of asphaltbinder,emulsified asphalt,or cutback asphalt and aggre-gates.The mixture may also include other materials.asphalt pavement,na structure consisting of one or moreprepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supportinglayers of unbound,modified,or treated subgrade,subbase orbase materials.asphalt-rubber,na blend of asphalt cement,reclaimed tirerubber,and certain additives in which the rubber componentis at least 15%by weight of the total blend and has reactedin the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of therubber particles.asphaltenes,ninsoluble materials that are precipitated byuse of selected solvents,such as n-heptane.DISCUSSIONThe asphaltene fraction should be identified by thesolvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.bank gravel,ngravel found in natural deposits,usually moreor less intermixed with fine material,such as sand or clay,orcombinations thereof;gravelly clay,gravelly sand,clayeygravel,and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions ofthe materials in the mixture.bitumen,ndark brown to black cement-like residuum ob-tained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.DISCUSSIONThe distillation processes may involve one or more ofthe following:atmospheric distillation,vacuum distillation,steamdistillation.Further processing of distillation residuum may be neededto yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-cial applications.These additional processes can involve air oxidation,solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-istics.In North America bitumen is called asphalt.bituminous,adjcontaining or treated with bitumen(alsobituminized).DISCUSSIONExamples:bituminous concrete,bituminized felts andfabrics,bituminous pavement.bituminous emulsion,n(1)a suspension of minute globulesof bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,(2)a suspension of minute globules of water or of anaqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.blast-furnace slag,nthe nonmetallic product,consistingessentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and ofother bases,that is developed simultaneously with iron in ablast furnace.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 onTerminology.Current edition approved Sept.15,2013.Published October 2013.Originallyapproved in 1912.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D8 13a.DOI:10.1520/D0008-13B.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 cationic emulsion,na type of emulsion such that a particularemulsifying agent establishes a predominance of positivecharges on the discontinuous phase.clinker,ngenerally a fused or partly fused by-product of thecombustion of coal,but also including lava and portland-cement clinker,and partly vitrified slag and brick.coal tar,na dark brown to black ce