ASTM_D_820_-_93_2016.pdf

Designation:D82093(Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Methods forChemical Analysis of Soaps Containing SyntheticDetergents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D820;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemicalanalysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:SectionsMoisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105C(Oven Method)5 and 6Free Alkali or Free Acid7 and 8Anhydrous,Salt-Free,Soda Soap9 12Alcohol-Soluble Matter13 and 14Matter Insoluble in Water15 and 15Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol(Alkaline Salts)16 and 17Sodium Silicate18 20Phosphates21 28Phosphate(Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)29 34Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter35 39Free Fatty Matter40Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter41 43Rosin(McNicoll Method)44 47Synthetic Detergent(by Difference)48Neutral,Inorganic Salts491.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D216 Method of Test for Distillation of Natural Gasoline(Withdrawn 1988)3D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other DetergentsD875 Method for Calculating of Olefins and Aromatics inPetroleum Distillates from Bromine Number and AcidAbsorption(Withdrawn 1984)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1768 Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate inSynthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet AbsorptionD2357 for Qualitative Classification of Surfactants by Infra-red AbsorptionD2358 Test Method for Separation ofActive Ingredient fromSurfactant and Syndet CompositionsD3049 Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Ingredient byCationic Titration3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 The term synthetic detergent in these test methods isdefined in accordance with Terminology D459,as follows:3.3 synthetic detergenta detergent produced by chemicalsynthesis and comprising an organic composition other thansoap.3.4 For definitions of other terms used in these test methods,refer to Terminology D459.4.Purity of Reagents and Materials4.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.4Other grades may beused,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 onSoaps and Other Detergentsand are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD12.12 on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps,Synthetics,Detergents and theirComponents.Current edition approved July 1,2016.Published August 2016.Originallyapproved in 1945.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D820 93(2009).DOI:10.1520/D0820-93R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,AmericanChemical Society,Washington,DC.For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society,see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals,BDH Ltd.,Poole,Dorset,U.K.,and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary,U.S.Pharmacopeial Convention,Inc.(USPC),Rockville,MD.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.4.2 Unless otherwise indicated,references to water shall beunderstood to mean reagent water conforming to SpecificationD1193.MOISTURE AND OTHER MATTER VOLATILE AT105C(OVEN METHOD)5.Apparatus5.1 DishA porcelain or glass dish about 6 to 8 cm indiameter and about 2 to 4 cm in depth will be required.6.Procedure6.1 Weigh 5 6 0.01 g of the sample in the dish,and dry toconstant weight in an air oven at a temperature of 105 6 2C.Constant weight is attained when heating for successive 1-hperiods shows a loss(or gain)of not more than 0.1%.NOTE1Because of its established use in the trade,the term weight isemployed in these methods in place of the technically correct term mass.FREE ALKALI OR FREE