ASTM_E_2478_-_11.pdf

Designation:E247811Standard Practice forDetermining Damage-Based Design Stress for Glass FiberReinforced Plastic(GFRP)Materials Using AcousticEmission1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2478;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice details procedures for establishing thedirect stress and shear stress damage-based design values foruse in the damage-based design criterion for materials to beused in GFRP vessels and other GFRP structures.The practiceuses data derived from acoustic emission examination offour-point beam bending tests and in-plane shear tests(seeASME Section X,Article RT-8).1.2 The onset of lamina damage is indicated by the presenceof significant acoustic emission during the reload portion ofload/reload cycles.“Significant emission”is defined withhistoric index.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units which are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD4255/D4255M Test Method for In-Plane Shear Propertiesof Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by the Rail ShearMethodD3846 Test Method for In-Plane Shear Strength of Rein-forced PlasticsE543 Specification for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility ofAcousticEmission Sensor ResponseE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System PerformanceVerification2.2 ASME Documents:3ASME Section X,Article RT-8 Test Method for DeterminingDamage-Based Design CriterionASME Section V,Article 11 Acoustic Emission Examinationof Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Vessels2.3 Other Standards:ANSI/ASNT-CP-189Qualification and Certification ofNondestructive Testing Personnel4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing4NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel53.Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms related to conventional acousticemission are in Terminology E1316,Section B.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 historic indexa measure of the change in MARSE(or other AE feature parameter such as AE Signal Strength)throughout an examination.3.2.2 knee in the curvea dramatic change in the slope ofthe cumulative AE(MARSE or Signal Strength)versus timecurve.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 onAcoustic Emission Method.Current edition approved Dec.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 2006.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2478-06a.DOI:10.1520/E2478-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASMEInternational Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT),P.O.Box28518,1711 Arlingate Ln.,Columbus,OH 43228-0518,http:/www.asnt.org.5Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America,Inc.(AIA),1000Wilson Blvd.,Suite 1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.3 measured area of the rectified signal envelope(MARSE)a measure of the area under the envelope of therectified linear voltage time signal from the sensor.(seeASMESection V,Article 11)3.2.4 significant emissiona level of emission that corre-sponds to the first time during reloading that the historic indexattains a value of 1.4.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice uses acoustic emission instrumentationand examination techniques during load/reloading of materialsbeing examined,to determine the onset of significant acousticemission.The onset of significant emission is related to thedamage-based design stress by the Felicity ratio.6,75.Significance and Use5.1 The damage-based design approach will permit anadditional method of design f