ASTM_D_824_-_94_2007.pdf

Designation:D824 94(Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forRate of Absorption of Water by Bibulous Papers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D824;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rate atwhich an unsized and absorbent paper will absorb water bymeasuring the time required for the paper to absorb completelya specified quantity of water(1-4).2NOTE1This test method is related to TAPPI T 432 om-82,with whichit is technically identical.1.2 This test method is not intended for sized papers orthose having an absorption time of over 120 s.Such papersshould be tested in accordance with Test Method D779 orISO 535.1.3 For ink absorption of blotting paper,see Test MethodD2177.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD779 Test Method for Water Resistance of Paper,Paper-board,and Other Sheet Materials by the Dry IndicatorMethodD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2177 Test Method for Ink Absorption of Blotting PaperE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision,the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or Process2.2ISO Standard:ISO 535 Paper and BoardWater Absorption(Cobb Test)42.3TAPPI Standard:TAPPI T 432 om-82 WaterAbsorbency of Bibulous Papers53.Summary of Test Method3.1 Ameasured drop of water is placed on the paper and thetime to disappearance of the shine from the wet area isdetermined.4.Significance and Use4.1 The rate of water absorption is an extremely importantproperty of most sanitary products such as paper toweling andtissues.5.Apparatus5.1 Drop-Measuring Device,for Delivery of 1-mL and0.1-mL drops,with 1-mL capacity or more,for example,measuring pipet(5),buret,or hypodermic syringe graduated indivisions of 0.01 mL.5.2 Drop-Measuring Device,for Delivery of 0.01-mLdrops,for example,microburet(6),or syringe-style pipet,graduatedin divisions of 0.001 mL.5.3 Specimen SupportA nonabsorbent horizontal squaresurface,approximately 100 mm on a side and having at itscenter a hole approximately 40 mm in diameter.NOTE2For a multi-ply specimen it may be necessary to modify thesupporting surface by bending up two opposite edges to form a cylindricaltrench.The curvature of the cylinder should be such that,when thespecimen is held in place in the trench(for example,with weights near theends),water applied to the top ply will cause it to expand downward andpush against the underlying plies,wetting them as in normal use of thematerial.5.4 TimerStopwatch or electric timer readable to 0.2 s orbetter.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 onStandard Documents Relating to Paper and Paper Products.Current edition approved Dec.1,2007.Published December 2007.Originallyapproved in 1945.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D824 94(2002).DOI:10.1520/D0824-94R07.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry(TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South,Norcross,GA 30092,http:/www.tappi.org.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.5.5 Light Source,to reflect from the surface of unabsorbedwater on the specimen,and situated far enough away so that itsheat will not influence the absorption time;for example,a1.5-V flashlight bulb,shaded from the eyes,placed about 200mm above the end and to the rear of the support,and operatedby a D-cell battery or bell transformer.6.Test Liquid6.1 Reagent Water,of Type II or better as defined inSpecification D1193.7.Sampling7.1 Sample the paper in accordance with Practice D585.7.2 Where