ASTM_D_828_-_16e1.pdf

Designation:D828161Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard UsingConstant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D828;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEAdded missing“6”signs to 5.1.3 5.1.5,5.4,and 8.1.6 editorially in June 2018.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for determiningtensile properties of paper and paperboard.1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use withconstant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment and assuch,are able to be used with instruments designed for eithervertical or horizontal operation,and whether manually oper-ated or computer controlled.1.3 These procedures are applicable for all types of paper,paperboard,paper products,and related materials within themeasurement limitations of the equipment used.They are notfor use with combined corrugated board.1.4 Properties able to be determined using this test methodinclude tensile strength,stretch,tensile energy absorption,tensile stiffness,breaking length,and tensile index.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related Product(Withdrawn 2010)2D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD987 Test Method for Test for Stretch of Paper and PaperProducts Under Tension(Withdrawn 1968)2E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:For definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D1968 or the Dictionary ofPaper3.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 line contact grips,ngrips or jaws on a tensile testingmachine having a clamping zone for gripping the specimencomprised of a cylindrical and a flat surface or two cylindricalsurfaces whose axes are parallel3.2.2 paper,nplanar structures deposited from an aqueoussuspension that has a thickness less than 1 mm containingorganic material,nonorganic material,or a combination of thetwo.4.Significance and Use4.1 The tensile properties measured in this test method arefundamental properties associated with the manufacture,or enduse,or both,of paper and paper products.It is possible for thevarity of products to be influenced by,or indicative of:the typefibers used or the treatment of the fibers,or both,in a particular1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.Current edition approved Nov.1,2016.Published December 2016.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D828 97(2002)which was withdrawn September 2009 and reinstated in November 2016.DOI:10.1520/D0828-16E01.2The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.3Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,POBox 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 paper:or of specific manufacturing procedures used in produc-ing a specific paper or paper product.Likewise,it is possiblefor paper converting operations to significantly impact proper-ties measured using this test method,and this test method is apossible tool to measure and understand such effects.4.2 Tensile strength is indicative of the serviceability ofmany papers,such as wrapping,bag,gummed tape,and cablewrapping,that are subjected to