ASTM_E_2589_-_11.pdf

Designation:E258911Standard Terminology Relating toNonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2589;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONParticle size distribution,surface area,and other forms of particle analysis have been commonlyadopted methods of verifying compliance with desired particle specifications for some time.Greateremphasis is now being placed on inter-and intralaboratory correlation of all particle measurementsystems.To ensure a better understanding of the comparison of testing results from particle measurementsystems,terminology relating to the measurements must be clearly defined and documented so thatboth the recipient and generator of the data are in full agreement as to the meaning of the data.Everyeffort has been made here to ensure accuracy,precision,and clarity for the terms included in thisterminology document.For Committee E29,this is an ongoing process with new terms beingdeveloped and defined for future inclusion.Suggestions and comments for additions,corrections,andrevisions are welcomed.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers the definitions of terms used inthe description and procedures of analysis of particulatematerials not ordinarily analyzed using test sieves.The termsrelate directly to the equipment used in analysis,the physicalforms of the materials to be analyzed,and selected descriptivedata reduction and analysis formats.1.2 Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterizationbelieves that it is essential to include terms and definitionsexplicit to the committees scope,regardless of whether theterms appear in existing ASTM standards.Terms that are incommon usage and appear in common-language dictionariesare generally not included,unless they have specific meaningsin the context of particle characterization different from thecommon-language definitions.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2578 Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/Diameters andStandard Deviations of Particle Size Distributions3.Significance and Use3.1 Interpretation and use of data generated by particlecharacterization methods is highly dependent on the definitionsof terms describing that data.It is extremely important thatthose terms be defined in precisely the same way both whencomparing data from different characterization techniques andeven when correlating data from the same technique.3.2 It is likewise important that users of particle character-ization methods and the data generated therefrom understandthe principles of the methods,so that differences and similari-ties in the data can be interpreted in relation to those principles.That understanding can help to avoid disagreements when datafrom different characterization methods are compared.3.3 The definitions contained in this terminology will aid inthe interpretation of particle characterization data with respectto the method(s)used to produce that data.4.Terminologyarea,A,nin image analysis,sum of pixels representing abinary object.aspect ratio,nin image analysis,ratio of the maximum tothe minimum dimensions as determined by the technique.binarization,nin image analysis,process of reducing adigital image to a binary image.binary object,nin image analysis,set of connected binarypixels representing the two dimensional projection of aparticle.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E29 on Particleand Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02on Non-Sieving Methods.Current edition approved April 1,2011.Published May 2011.Originallyapproved in 2007.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2589 09a.DOI:10.1520/E2589-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 binary image,nin image analysis,image formed by an arrayof pixels having only two possible values,representingobjects and background,as a result of binarization.Synony-mous with binary plane and bitplane.blind pore,nopen pore having only a single connection withan external surface.convex perimeter,PC,nin image analysis,total length ofline segments connecting the Feret tangent points around abinary object.DISCUSSIONThis is the perimeter that would be obtained if a rubberband was stretched around the object.cumulative distribution,nthe representation of the totalfraction of the population,expressed as either mass-,volume-,area-,or number-based,that is greater than or lessthan discrete size values.dispersion,nsystem consistin