ASTM_D_7964_-_D_7964M_-_14.pdf

Designation:D7964/D7964M14Standard Test Method forDetermining Activity of Fluid Catalytic Cracking(FCC)Catalysts in a Fluidized Bed1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7964/D7964M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers determining the activity andcoke selectivity of either equilibrium or laboratory deactivatedfluid catalytic cracking(FCC)catalysts.The activity is evalu-ated on the basis of mass percent conversion of gas oil feed ina fluidized bed reactor.The coke yield is defined as the mass ofcarbon laid down on the catalyst,also expressed as a percent ofthe gas oil feed.The scope of the round robin will be limitedto the determination of activity and coke.All other analyses arethus beyond this scope and should be noted as“optional.”1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD4463 Guide for Metals Free Steam Deactivation of FreshFluid Cracking CatalystsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 activitya measure of the rate of a specific catalyticreaction,calculated in the present case by dividing conversionby the difference of 100 minus conversion.3.1.2 catalyst/oil(C/O)ratiothe mass of catalyst used inthe test divided by the mass of feed fed to the reactor.3.1.3 cokemass of carbon laid down on the catalyst duringthe FCC reaction times 1.083.3.1.4 conversionthe starting mass of reactant feed minusthe mass of the liquid product that boils above 221C 430F;this delta is then reported as a percentage of the starting massof feed.3.1.5 delivery timethis is the time,in seconds,duringwhich feed is introduced to the reactor.3.1.6 FCCfluid catalytic cracking.3.1.7 gasolineC5compounds through compounds boilingat 221C 430F.3.1.8 HCOthe heavy cycle oil product,which is defined tohave a minimum boiling point of 343C 650F.3.1.9 LCOthe light cycle oil product,which is defined tohave a boiling point range of 221 to 343C 430 to 650F.3.1.10 liquid productall products formed in the catalyticreaction that can be condensed in the chiller bath afterward,usually a combination of gasoline,LCO,and HCO,but cancontain a trace of C4and C4minus compounds.3.1.11 normalized product yieldthe result obtained wheneach product yield has been corrected for non-perfect massbalances.3.1.11.1 DiscussionFor a run to be judged acceptable,thetotal recovery,mass%of feed,should be in the range of 96 to102%prior to normalization.If the recovery is outside thisrange the test data should be discarded.3.1.12 product yieldone hundred times the mass of aspecific product divided by the mass of feed used in the test.3.1.13 selectivitysame as yield.Selectivity generally re-fers to how much of a particular product,such as coke,isformed during a chemical reaction;selectivity is related to,but1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.04 on CatalyticProperties.Current edition approved Nov.1,2014.Published January 2015.DOI:10.1520/D7964-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 different from,conversion,which is the total amount of allproducts formed during the reaction.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of FCC catalyst is contacted with gas oil in afluidized bed reactor using a specified reaction temperature,aspecified mass of catalyst and oil,and specified oil feed rate.Reaction products(liquid product,gas,and coke on catalyst)are analyzed.Conversion,coke,and individual product yieldsare calculated for each experiment.4.2 Following analysis of the products,the