ASTM_D_8171_-_18.pdf

Designation:D817118Standard Test Methods forDensity Determination of Flax Fiber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8171;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determi-nation of the density of flax fiber and are applicable to fibers ofany length.1.1.1 Test Method AGas PycnometryThis is the moreaccurate method of density measurement and is preferred incases in which specimen conditioning(oven drying)can beapplied or outgassing effects can be mitigated by purgesettings.The level of accuracy for the test methods can beassessed from the precision and bias tables.Outgassing effectscan be assessed by performing a purge cycle,pressurization,and pressure stability check on the sample.If the pressureincreases in an isolated sample chamber,outgassing may affectthe accuracy of results.Oven dry specimens below 55 C toequilibrium with a 0%relative humidity(RH)environment oruse longer purge methods,or both,to eliminate outgassingeffects.1.1.2 Test Method BBuoyancy(Archimedes)MethodThis is acceptable as an alternative to Test Method A inapplications in which less accurate results are sufficient,asrepresented in the precision and bias tables.Test Method B ispreferred in cases in which outgassing effects in Test MethodAcannot be addressed by oven drying or purge settings andprevent Test Method A from producing valid results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in Sections 9 and 17.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile FibersD3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus FibersD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and LinenE12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids,Liquids,and Gases(Withdrawn 1996)3E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE1309 GuideforIdentificationofFiber-ReinforcedPolymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases(With-drawn 2015)33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D3878 defines terms relatingto composite materials.Terminology E12 defines terms relatingto density.Terminology D6798 defines terms relating to flaxand linen.Practice E177 defines terms relating to statistics.Inthe event of a conflict between terms,Terminology D3878 shallhave precedence over other standards.3.1.1 impurity,nany material(such as,but not limited to,water,shive,or dirt)present in the sample that,if not removedor accounted for,would obfuscate the density measurement ofthe targeted material in the sample.3.2 Symbols:M1=weight of suspension wire in air,g.M2=weight of suspension wire in liquid(to immer-sion point),g.M3=weight of suspension wire plus item whosedensity is to be determined(in air),g.M4=weight of suspension wire plus item whosedensity is to be determined(in liquid),g.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax andLinen.Current edition approved Jan.1,2018.Published February 2018.DOI:10.1520/D8171-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 M3 M1=weight of item for density to be determined inair,g.M4 M2=weight of item for density to be determined inliquid,g.f=density of fiber,g/cm3.i=density of the impurities,g/cm3.if=density of the combined fiber an