Designation:E2331–04StandardGuideforExaminationofAlteredDocuments1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2331;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1ThisGuideprovidesproceduresforexaminationsthatshouldbeusedbyforensicdocumentexaminers(E444)forexaminationsinvolvingaltereddocuments.1.2Theseproceduresareapplicablewhethertheexamina-tion(s)areofquestionedandknownitems,exclusivelyques-tioneditems,orasingleitem.1.3Theseproceduresincludeevaluationofthesufficiencyofthematerialavailableforexamination.1.4Theparticularmethodsemployedinagivencasewilldependuponthenatureofthematerialavailableforexamina-tion.1.5ThisGuidemaynotcoverallaspectsofunusualoruncommonexaminations.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatoryrequirementspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2E444DescriptionsofScopeofWorkRelatingtoForensicDocumentExaminersE1422GuideforTestMethodsforForensicWritingInkComparisonE1732TerminologyRelatingtoForensicScienceE2195TerminologyRelatingtoForensicDocumentEx-aminationE2291GuideforIndentationExaminations3.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1Fordefinitionsoftermsinthisguide,refertoTermi-nologiesE1732andE2195.3.2Definitions:3.2.1alteration,n—amodificationmadetoadocumentbyphysical,chemicalormechanicalmeansincluding,butnotlimitedto,obliterations,additions,overwritings,orerasures.3.2.2digitalimage,n—animagethatisstoredinnumericalform.33.2.3digitalimageprocessing,n—anyactivitythattrans-formsadigitalimage.3.2.4electrostaticdetectiondevice(EDD),n—aninstru-mentthatuseselectrostaticchargeasthemechanismtovisualizepaperfiberdisturbances(forexample,indentations,erasures,ty...
