ASTM_E_1689_-_95_2014.pdf

Designation:E168995(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forDeveloping Conceptual Site Models for Contaminated Sites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1689;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the development ofconceptual site models to be used for the following:(1)integration of technical information from various sources,(2)support the selection of sample locations for establishingbackground concentrations of substances,(3)identify dataneeds and guide data collection activities,and(4)evaluate therisk to human health and the environment posed by a contami-nated site.This guide generally describes the major compo-nents of conceptual site models,provides an outline fordeveloping models,and presents an example of the parts of amodel.This guide does not provide a detailed description of asite-specific conceptual site model because conditions at con-taminated sites can vary greatly from one site to another.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded as the standard.The values given in parenthesesare for information only.1.3 This guide is intended to apply to any contaminated site.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by Mass2.2 EPA Documents:3Guidance for Data Useability in Risk Assessment(Part A)Final,Publication 9285.7-09A,PB 92-963356,April 1992Guidance for Data Useability in Risk Assessment(Part B),OSWER Directive 9285.7-09B,May 1992Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Fea-sibility Studies Under CERCLA,OSWER Directive9355.3-01,October 19883.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 background concentration,nthe concentration of asubstance in ground water,surface water,air,sediment,or soilat a source(s)or nearby reference location,and not attributableto the source(s)under consideration.Background samples maybe contaminated,either by naturally occurring or manmadesources,but not by the source(s)in question.3.1.2 conceptual site model,nfor the purpose of thisguide,a written or pictorial representation of an environmentalsystem and the biological,physical,and chemical processesthat determine the transport of contaminants from sourcesthrough environmental media to environmental receptorswithin the system.3.1.3 contaminant,nany substance,including any radio-logical material,that is potentially hazardous to human healthor the environment and is present in the environment atconcentrations above its background concentration.3.1.4 contaminant release,nmovement of a substancefrom a source into an environmental medium,for example,aleak,spill,volatilization,runoff,fugitive dust emission,orleaching.3.1.5 environmental receptor,nhumans and other livingorganisms potentially exposed to and adversely affected bycontaminants because they are present at the source(s)or alongcontaminant migration pathways.3.1.6 environmental transport,nmovement of a chemicalor physical agent in the environment after it has been releasedfrom a source to an environmental medium,for example,movement through the air,surface water,ground water,soil,sediment,or food chain.3.1.7 exposure route,nthe process by which a contami-nant or physical agent in the environment comes into directcontact with the body,tissues,or exchange boundaries of anenvironmental receptor organism,for example,ingestion,inhalation,dermal absorption,root uptake,and gill uptake.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.05 on Environmental Risk Management.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published May 2014.Originally approvedin 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E168995(2008).DOI:10.1520/E1689-95R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,DODSSP,Bldg.4,SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5098,http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.8 migration pathway,nthe course through which con-taminants in the environment may move away from thesource(s)to potential environmental recep