ASTM_E_1913_-_04.pdf

Designation:E 1913 04Standard Guide forConducting Static,Axenic,14-Day Phytotoxicity Tests inTest Tubes with the Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte,Myriophyllum sibiricumKomarov1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1913;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Submersed rooted aquatic macrophytes are importantcomponents of aquatic systems.They contribute to primaryproductivity,improve water quality,cycle nutrients,generateoxygen,affect flow patterns,provide habitat and food for otherorganisms,and stabilize the sediment.These plants can beadversely affected when pesticides are sprayed to controlaquatic weeds and algal blooms or when phytotoxic chemicalsenter the waterway through atmospheric fallout,soil erosion,industrial effluent,sewage discharge,spills or drift from aerialor ground applications.1.2 This guide is designed to give guidance for assessing thepotential phytotoxicity of a test material added to a sterileliquid growth medium on a species of freshwater submersedmacrophyte(Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov)during a 14-day static exposure.A sterile system is recommended todetermine the direct effect of the test chemical upon individualparameters of the submersed macrophyte because there is nodegradation of the test item by micro-organisms.For similarreasons,other aquatic plant testing,such as those of,Lemnaand algae,is commonly conducted in an axenic fashion.Overall environmental impact can not be directly determined.The main other disadvantage of the axenic test system is thedifficulty in preventing accidental contamination.These proce-dures could possibly be useful for conducting toxicity testswith other species of submersed macrophytes,although modi-fications might be necessary(1-8)2.1.3 The procedures in this guide are applicable to mostchemicals,either individually or in formulations,commercialproducts,or known mixtures.These procedures might be usedto conduct tests for dependency on temperature,light,nutrientsand pH.With appropriate modification,these procedures mightbe used to conduct tests for contaminated surface waters andaqueous effluents(see Guide E 1192).This static,axenictoxicity test might not be applicable to materials that containmicroorganisms unless the sample can be filter sterilizedwithout removing the toxicant.If the test materials are highlyvolatile,care should be taken to ensure that the test chambersare isolated.It might be necessary to replace the test materialon a regular basis if the test material is rapidly biologically orchemically transformed in aqueous solution,or is removedfrom the test solutions in substantial quantities by the testchambers or organisms during the test.This toxicity test is notsuitable for testing interactions between aquatic plants andother organisms,such as plant pathogens.1.4 Results from the toxicity test outlined in this guide canbe reported in terms of a 14-day IC25,IC50,or NOEC.Thisparameter may be based on several endpoints including inhi-bition of plant growth during the 14-day period,inhibition ofshoot length,inhibition of root number and length,inhibition offresh or dry weight(see Guide E 1415),inhibition of oxygenproduction,change in membrane permeability,and change inchlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid content extractedfrom sections of the plants(see Practice D 3731 and GuideE 1218)(9-18).All or some of these endpoint parameters maybe examined depending upon the mode of phytotoxic action orresearcher preference.It might be necessary to conduct thetoxicity test at only one concentration to determine whether ornot that specific concentration is inhibitory to plant growth anddevelopment.1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Definitions3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to this Standard3.2Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Interferences6Apparatus7Facilities7.1Test Chambers7.2Equipment7.3Cleaning7.4Acceptability7.5Reagents8Hazards9Nutrient Solution10Test Material111This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved April 1,2004.Published May 2004.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1913 97.2The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at theend of the text.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.SectionGeneral11.1Test Concentrations11.2Stock Solutions11.3Controls11.4Test Organism12Recommended Species12.1Alternate Species12.2Culturing12.3Procedure13Experimental Design13.1Temperature13.2Illumination13.3Beginning the Test13.4Duration o