ASTM_E_1706_-_05_2010.pdf

Designation:E170605(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Toxicity of Sediment-AssociatedContaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1706;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing freshwa-ter organisms in the laboratory to evaluate the toxicity ofcontaminants associated with whole sediments.Sediments maybe collected from the field or spiked with compounds in thelaboratory.1.1.1 Test methods are described for two toxicity testorganisms,the amphipod Hyalella azteca(H.azteca)(see13.1.2)and the midge Chironomus dilutus(formerly known asC.tentans;Shobanov et al.1999.(1)(see 14.1.2).The toxicitytests are conducted for 10 days in 300-mLchambers containing100 mL of sediment and 175 mL of overlying water.Overlyingwater is renewed daily and test organisms are fed during thetoxicity tests.Endpoints for the 10-day toxicity tests aresurvival and growth.These test methods describe proceduresfor testing freshwater sediments;however,estuarine sediments(up to 15 ppt salinity)can also be tested with H.azteca.Inaddition to the 10-day toxicity test method outlined in 13.1.2and 14.1.2,general procedures are also described for conduct-ing 10-day sediment toxicity tests with H.azteca(see 13.1.2)and C.dilutus(see 14.1.2).NOTE1Morphological comparison of populations of Chironomus(Camptochironomus)tentans(Fabricius)from Europe,Asia,and NorthAmerica have confirmed cytogenetic evidence that two distinct speciesinhabit the Palearctic and Nearctic under this name.The Palearctic speciesis the true C.tentans and the Nearctic populations constitute a new speciesdescribed under the name Chironomus(Camptochironomus)dilutus(Sho-banov et al.1999(1).”1.1.2 Guidance for conducting sediment toxicity tests isoutlined in Annex A1 for Chironomus riparius,in Annex A2for Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia,in Annex A3 forHexagenia spp.,in AnnexA4 for Tubifex tubifex,and in AnnexA5 for the Diporeia spp.Guidance is also provided in AnnexA6 for conducting long-term sediment toxicity tests with H.azteca by measuring effects on survival,growth,and reproduc-tion.Guidance is also provided in Annex A7 for conductinglong-term sediment toxicity tests with C.dilutus by measuringeffects on survival,growth,emergence,and reproduction.1.6outlines the data that will be needed before test methods aredeveloped from the guidance outlined in Annex A1 to AnnexA7 for these test organisms.General procedures described inSections 1 14 for sediment testing with H.azteca and C.dilutus are also applicable for sediment testing with the testorganisms described in Annex A1 to Annex A7.1.2 Procedures outlined in this test method are based pri-marily on procedures described in the United States Environ-mental Protection Agency(USEPA)(2-9)2,Test MethodE1367,and Guides E1391,E1525 and E1688.1.3 Additional research and methods development are nowin progress to:(1)evaluate additional test organisms,(2)further evaluate the use of formulated sediment,(3)refinesediment dilution procedures,(4)refine sediment toxicityidentification evaluation(TIE)procedures(10),(5)refinesediment spiking procedures,(6)develop in situ toxicity teststo assess sediment toxicity and bioaccumulation under fieldconditions,(7)evaluate relative sensitivities of endpointsmeasured in tests,(8)develop methods for new species,(9)evaluate relationships between toxicity and bioaccumulation,and(10)produce additional data on confirmation of responsesin laboratory tests with natural populations of benthic organ-isms.Some issues that may be considered in interpretation oftest results are the subject of continuing research including theinfluence of feeding on bioavailability,nutritional requirementsof the test organisms,and additional performance criteria fororganism health.See Section 6 for additional detail.Thisinformation will be described in future editions of this stan-dard.1.4 The USEPA(2)and Guide E1688 also describes 28-daybioaccumulation methods for the oligochaete Lumbriculusvariegatus.1.5 Results of tests,even those with the same species,usingprocedures different from those described in the test methodmay not be comparable and using these different procedures1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 onEnvironmental Assessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and are thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environ-mental Fate.Current edition approved Sept.1,2010.Published January 2011.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1706 051.DOI:10.1520/E1706-05R10.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.*A Su