ASTM_E_2616_-_09_2014.pdf

Designation:E261609(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forRemedy Selection Integrating Risk-Based Corrective Actionand Non-Risk Considerations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2616;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of appropriate remedialactions at sites where a release of chemicals(for example,vapor-phase,dissolved-phase,or non-aqueous phase liquids(NAPL)into the environment has occurred.This overallremedy selection process is illustrated in Fig.1.The guide isintended to be applied within a risk-based corrective action(RBCA)framework.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the selection ofacceptable remedial actions and to minimize bad decisionsleading to the selection of remedial actions that do not satisfyboth the risk-based remedial action objectives and the non-riskremedial action objectives.1.3 This guide is intended to be applied at sites that requirea remedial action to address unacceptable human heath orecological risks,other regulatory requirements,and/or otherunacceptable site conditions.Prior to use of this guide,a siteassessment should be completed resulting in:(1)the establish-ment of remedial action objectives,(2)a determination that aremedial action is required to achieve the remedial actionobjectives,(3)an identification of site areas requiring aremedial action,and(4)a conceptual site model that reflectsthe results of the site assessment.The risk-based remedialaction objectives are assumed to have been established usingRBCA or another risk-based assessment method that results inthe identification of appropriate remedial action objectivesbased on an evaluation of sources,exposure pathways,andpotential receptors.Remedial action objectives may be estab-lished using Guide E1739,Guide E2081,and/or Guide E2205.In addition,applicable federal,state,and local regulations,statutes,and policies should be followed and should form thebasis for determining risk-based and non-risk remedial actionobjectives.The remedial action objectives may include re-source protection standards and the prevention of aesthetic ornuisance impacts in addition to protection of human health andthe environment.1.4 Each risk-based remedial action objective for an expo-sure pathway will typically include numeric remedial actionlevels for each chemical of concern(COC).Remedial actionlevels may also be developed for non-risk remedial actionobjectives such as resource protection standards.The non-riskremedial action levels may include thickness or mobilitycriteria for NAPL.The selected remedy must be effective andtimely for each remedial action objective based on the consid-eration of the associated exposure pathway or resource protec-tion standard.1.5 To facilitate the selection of acceptable remedial actions,this guide establishes a process for remedy selection(Fig.2)that involves:1.5.1 Development of risk-based remedial action objectivesthat includes identification of complete exposure pathways andnumeric remedial action levels(Section 5).1.5.2 Development of non-risk remedial action objectivesbased on resource protection and other non-risk considerations.Resource protection objectives typically include numeric re-medial action levels while other non-risk criteria are typicallynon-numeric and may include:remediation timeframe,implementability,cost effectiveness,regulatory compliance,property use requirements,liability control,and communityconcern(Section 5).1.5.3 Evaluation of protectiveness to identify protectiveremedial actions that will be effective and timely for eachrisk-based remedial action objective for the site(Section 6).1.5.4 Evaluation of the retained remedies using the non-riskremedial action objectives to identify acceptable remedialactions that satisfy the minimum level for each non-riskcriterion(Section 7).1.5.5 Remedial action selection to select the acceptableremedial action to be implemented at the site(Section 8).1.5.6 Remedy design and implementation to ensure that theselected remedy is effectively implemented at the site andsatisfies the remedial action objectives(Section 9).1.6 This guide is intended for use in the selection of finalremedial actions.This guide may also be used in the selectionof interim measures provided that risk-based remedial actionobjectives and non-risk remedial action objectives are availablefor the evaluation of these interim measures.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published January 2015.Originallyapproved in 2009.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2616