ASTM_E_155-20.pdf

5肾E155-201E505 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum3.2.7 reacted sand inclusions,n-appear on radiograph asand Magnesium Die Castingsspotty segregation,that is,sharply defined round light areas,E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinationsabout I mm in diameter,and often with the rim lighter than theE2422 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Alumi-center.num Castings3.2.7.1 Discussion-They are entrapped sand particles thatE2869 Digital Reference Images for Magnesium Castingsunderwent reaction with molten magnesium alloys containing2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:zirconium(Note 3).Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum andMagnesium Castings:3.2.8 segregations,n-appear as variations in film densityVolume I,Aluminum and Magnesium Castingswhich can be explained by segregation of elements of atomicVolume II,Magnesium Castingsnumbers different from that of the matrix2.3 AlA Document:3.2.8.1 graviry segregation,n-appears white on radiographNAS 410 Certification Qualification of Nondestructiveand may range from a mottling-type effect through white-Test Personneldiffused spots blending with the matrix,to a cloud-like2.4 ASNT Documents:6appearance in more severe cases.SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-3.2.8.1 Discussion-They are agglomerations of particlescation and Certification in Nondestructive Testingprecipitated at temperatures above liquidus(Note 3).ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification andCertification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel3.2.8.2 eutectic segregation,n-type of segregation gener-2.5 ANSI/ISO Standard:7ally represented when a defect or discontinuity develops duringISO 9712 NDT-Qualification and Certification of NDTsolidification and is fed with a near eutectic residual liquid richPersonnelwith alloying elements that have a high X-ray attenuation.Oneexception to this enrichment as illustrated in Reference Radio-3.Terminologygraphs E155 is flow line(or eutectic depletion),where there is3.1 Definitions-Definitions of terms used in this standarda local impoverishment of the alloying elements that have amay be found in Terminology E1316.high X-ray attenuation(Note 3).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:(1)eutectic segregation-microshrinkage type,n-type ofsegregation develops when a microshrinkage develops during3.2.1 The terms relating to discontinuities used in thesesolidification,and is fed with residual liquid rich in densereference radiographs are described based upon radiographicalloying elements such as thorium.The area will show light onappearance.3.2.2 foreign materials,n-appear as isolated,irregular,ora radiograph(Note 3).(2)eutectic segregation-pipe-shrink type,n-type of seg-elongated variations of film density,not corresponding toregation develops during solidification when a pipe shrinkvariations in thickness of material,nor to cavities.3.2.2.1 Discussion-They may be due to the presence offorms and is immediately filled with eutectic liquid rich in highsand,slag,oxide or dross,or metal of different density.X-ray attenuation alloying elements.The area shows light on aradiograph as a feathery or dendritic feature(Note 3).3.2.3 gas holes,n-appear as round or elongated,smooth-(3)eutectic segregation-hot-tear type,n-type of segre-edged dark spots,occurring individually,in clusters,or distrib-gation develops during solidification when the hot tear thatuted throughout the casting.takes place is immediately filled with liquid rich in alloying3.2.4 gas porosity.n-represented by round or elongatedelements high in X-ray attenuation.The defect shows as whitedark spots corresponding to minute voids usually distributedor light irregular defined lines(Note 3).through the entire casting.(4)eutectic depletion-flow line,n-type of segregation3.2.5 microshrinkage(feathery type),n-microshrinkagedevelops when a section of a mold is filled by liquid andhaving an elongated appearance resembling feather-likesolidifies at the front before liquid from another feed meets thestreaks.solid front.A portion of the solid front then partially melts;otherwise,the discontinuity would be a cold shut.Solidifica3.2.6 microshrinkage(sponge type),n-microshrinkagetion begins after this remelt and the initial crystals are of highhaving a spongelike appearance,and more massive and equipurity and contain fewer high-density alloying elements thanaxed than the feathery type.the melt average.Since the metal is still flowing across thesecrystals,the composition ahead of this solidifying front is3 Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Reference Radio-depleted.This depletion of the eutectic shows on the radio-graph No.RRE015501graph as a dark diffused line(Note 3).4 Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Reference Radio-graph No.RRE015502.(5)oxide inclusions in magnesium alloys containingAvailable from Aerospace Industries Association(AIA).1000 Wilson Blvd.zirconium,n-show on a radiograph as well defined light areaSuite 1700,Arlington,VA 22209,http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.of irregular shape and size resembling a radiograph of aAvailable from American Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT).P.O.Boxcompacted fine steel wool.It is composed of complex magne-28518,1711 Arlingate Ln.,Columbus,OH 43228-0518,http:/www.asnt.org.sium oxide film with high zirconium content,and,if present,Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO).ISOCentral Secretariat,BIBC II,Chemin de Blandonnet 8.CP 401,1214 Vernierrare earths and thorium oxides also.It is often associated withGeneva,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.zirconium-rich particles.E155-20TABLE 1 Reference Radiographs for Aluminum and MagnesiumTABLE 2 Reference Radiographs for Magnesium Castings-Castings-Volume IVolume llCastingApplicableCastingApplicableDiscontinuityThickness,CastingDiscontinuityThickness,CastingThickness,in.in.Thickness,in.in.Aluminum-Alloy CastingsEutectic segregation(discrete discontinui-Gas holes台up to,inclties)-pipeshrink,flow line,hot tears,oxideGas holes头over to 2,inclinclusionsall thicknessesGas porosity(round)%up to,inclReacted sand inclusionall thicknessesGas porosity(round)over to 2,inclEutectic segregation(microshrinkage type)all thicknessesGas porosity(elongated)up to,inclGravity segregationall thicknessesGas porosity(elongated)over to 2,inclShrinkage cavity冬A1 in.=25.4 mm.All thicknessesShrinkage(sponge)up to%,inclShrinkage(sponge)over to 2,inclForeign material(less dense)up to,inclTABLE 3 Actual Alloys Used to Reproduce DiscontinuitiesForeign material(less dense)over e to 2,inclForeign material(more dense)各up to,inclDiscontinuityAlloy UsedForeign material(more dense)over to 2,inclAluminumMagnesium-Alloy CastingsGas holes356Gas holesup to%,inclGas porosity(round)356Gas holesover to 2,inclGas porosity(elongated)195Microshrinkage(feathery)up to,inclShrinkage cavity356Microshrinkage(feathery)over to 2,inclShrinkage(sponge)356Microshrinkage(sponge)up to,inclForeign material(less dense)356Microshrinkage(sponge)over e to 2,inclForeign material(more dense)356Foreign material(less dense)up to,inclMagnesiumForeign material(less dense)over to 2,inclGas holesZK51AForeign material(more dense)up to,inclEutectic segregation and flow lineEZ33AForeign material(more dense)号over to 2,inclGravity segregationZK91A1 in.=25.4 mm.Microshrinkage(feathery)AZ91CMicroshrinkage(sponge)AZ91CForeign material(less dense)AZ91CForeign material(more dense)AZ91Cof discontinuities based on these reference radiographs couldReacted sand inclusionsHK31Abe used for acceptance standards.Each grade is illustrated inOxide inclusion in magnesiumalloys containing zirconiumHZ11approximately a 2 by 2 in.(51 by 51 mm)area.The radio-graphic technique used is in agreement with Guide E94,andproduced a desired density of 2.0 to 2.25.6.3 All of these references are original radiographs;they6.2 The alloys used to reproduce the various discontinuitiesshould be viewed by transmitted light.were as listed in Table 3.7.KeywordsNoTE 5-Misruns,core shift,cold shut,and surface irregularities arenot illustrated,as they are readily identifiable by surface inspection or by7.1 aluminum;castings;discontinuities;magnesium;refer-other means of nondestructive testing.ence radiographs;X-raySUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee E07 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(E155-15)that may impact the use of this standard.(1)Added 4.1 and renumbered other subsections.45E155-20ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent nights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,either reapproved 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