ASTM_E_2100_-_04_2015.pdf

Designation:E210004(Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forCalculating the International Runway Friction Index1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2100;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the calculation of the InternationalRunway Friction Index,IRFI,from measurements obtained bylocal friction-measurement devices2on movement areas underwinter conditions.1.2 The IRFI is the international friction index to be used forreporting the friction characteristics of airport movement areas.1.3 The IRFI reported by this practice is a harmonized valueof the pavement friction characteristics.1.4 The IRFI obtained by using this practice has not beenextended to address the braking performance of an aircraft.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E524 Specification for Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance TestsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1551 Specification for Special Purpose,SmoothTreadTire,Operated on Fixed Braking Slip Continuous FrictionMeasuring EquipmentE1844 Specification for A Size 10 45 Smooth-TreadFriction Test TireE1859 Test Method for Friction Coefficient MeasurementsBetween Tire and Pavement Using a Variable Slip Tech-niqueE1960 Practice for Calculating International Friction Indexof a Pavement Surface3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 base surface,nthe type of surface evaluated;thereare four classes(1)bare pavement dry,(2)bare pavement wet,(3)bare compacted snow and(4)bare ice.3.1.2 compacted snow,na compressed solid mass of snow,which is sufficiently strong to prevent a normally loaded tireoperating in a rolling mode from penetrating to the pavementor breaking up the surface.3.1.3 device configuration,na term used to designate theentire test system as used for any friction measurement;itincludes type of device(force or torque measurements),tiretype,size and inflation pressure,slip ratio,normal load andbraking system control mode.3.1.4 harmonization,nthe adjustment of the outputs ofdifferent devices used for measurement of a specific phenom-enon so that all devices report the same value.3.1.5 ice,nwater with or without contaminants frozen intoa continuous solid body with or without cracks.3.1.6 IRFI reference device,na particular friction measur-ing device selected as a benchmark or reference;it is used tocalibrate any local friction device to permit master or localfriction device values to be converted to IRFI values forselected base surfaces.3.1.7 local friction device,na particular friction testingdevice used at a given location to measure the friction level ofselected base surfaces;the friction values evaluated with thisdevice may be harmonized to IRFI values.3.1.8 master friction device,na particular friction measur-ing device selected as a secondary reference that has beencalibrated with the IRFI reference device;it is used to calibrateany local friction device to permit local friction device valuesto be converted to IRFI values for selected base surfaces.3.1.9 movement area,nthat part of the airport(aerodrome)used for take-off,landing and taxiing of aircraft,consisting ofthe maneuvering area and the apron(s).3.1.10 For additional definitions,see Terminology E867.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.21 on FieldMethods for Measuring Tire Pavement Friction.Current edition approved June 15,2015.Published August 2015.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2100 04(2010).DOI:10.1520/E2100-04R15.2In Tribology,friction-measuring devices are referred to as Tribometers.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 international runway friction index(IRFI)a unifiedindex of friction that is harmonized to the value measured bythe IRFI reference device.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice outlines the procedure for calculating avalue designated as the International Runway Friction Index,IRFI.Thi