ASTM_E_2278_-_13.pdf

Designation:E227813Standard Guide forUse of Coal Combustion Products(CCPs)for Surface MineReclamation:Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid MineDrainage1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2278;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the beneficial use of coal combustionproducts(CCPs)for abatement of acid mine drainage andrevegetation for surface mine reclamation applications relatedto area mining,contour mining,and mountaintop removalmining.It does not apply to underground mine reclamationapplications.There are many important differences in physicaland chemical characteristics that exist among the various typesof CCPs available for use in mine reclamation.CCPs proposedfor each project must be investigated thoroughly to design CCPplacement activities to meet the project objectives.This guideprovides procedures for consideration of engineering,economic,and environmental factors in the development ofsuch applications.1.2 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a componentof a pollution prevention program;Guide E1609 describespollution prevention activities in more detail.Utilization ofCCPs in this manner conserves land,natural resources,andenergy.1.3 This guide applies to CCPs produced primarily from thecombustion of coal.1.4 The testing,engineering,and construction practices forusing CCPs in mine reclamation are similar to generallyaccepted practices for using other materials,including cementand soils,in mine reclamation.1.5 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state.The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine andcomply with applicable regulations.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteC400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime forNeutralization of Waste AcidD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Designand Construction Purposes(Withdrawn 2011)3D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD1195 Test Method for Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests ofSoils and Flexible Pavement Components,for Use inEvaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pave-mentsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by AugerBoringsD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort(56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test(SPT)and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.03 on Pollution Prevention/Beneficial Use.Current edition approved Nov.15,2013.Published December 2013.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2004 which was withdrawn inJune 2013 and reinstated in November 2013.DOI:10.1520/E2278-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D1883 Test Method for CBR(California Bearing Ratio)ofLaboratory-Compacted SoilsD2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strengthof Cohesive SoilD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional ConsolidationProperties of Soils Using Incremental LoadingD3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils UnderConsolidated Drained ConditionsD3550 Practice for Thick Wall,Ring-Lined,Split Barrel,Drive Sampling of SoilsD3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,Shrinkage,and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtu