ASTM_E_2583_-_07_2015.pdf

Designation:E258307(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Deflections with a Light Weight Deflectometer(LWD)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2583;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of deflectionsof paved and unpaved surfaces with a Light Weight Deflecto-meter(LWD).This device is also referred to as a PortableFalling-WeightDeflectometer(PFWD).TheLWDislightweight,portable and generally used for testing unboundpavement layers.The deflections measured using an LWD canbe used to determine the stiffness of bound and unboundpavement surfaces using appropriate back-or forwardcalcula-tion analysis techniques.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes(Unified Soil Classification System)D4695 Guide for General Pavement Deflection Measure-ments2.2 Other Standards:3FHWA-HRT-06-132 Version 4.1 Long-Term Pavement Per-formance Program Manual for Falling Weight Deflecto-meter Measurements3.Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method is a type of plate-bearing test.The loadis a force pulse generated by a falling weight(mass)droppedon a buffer system that transmits the load pulse through a plateresting on the material to be tested.The test apparatus may behand held or moved around with a dolly type device.3.2 The weight is raised to the height that,when dropped,will impart the desired force pulse.The weight is dropped andthe resulting vertical movement or deflection of the surface ismeasured using suitable instrumentation.Multiple tests at thesame drop height(different heights are optional)may beperformed at the same location.3.3 The peak deflection resulting from the force pulse ateach location is recorded in micrometres,millimetres,mils orinches,as appropriate.3.4 The peak force imparted by the falling weight isrecorded as the force in kN or lbf,or as the mean stress(theforce divided by the load plate area)in kN/m2(kPa)or psi,asappropriate.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method covers the determination of surfacedeflections as a result of the application of an impulse load.Theresulting deflections are measured at the center of the appliedload and may also be measured at various distances away fromthe load.Deflections may be either correlated directly topavement performance or used to determine in-situ materialcharacteristics of the pavement layers.Some uses of datainclude quality control and quality assurance of compactedlayers,structural evaluation of load carrying capacity,anddetermination of thickness requirements for highway andairfield pavements(see Guide D4695).NOTE1Since pavement and subgrade materials may be stressdependent,care must be taken when analyzing LWD test data on unboundmaterials so that the applied stress will closely match the stress valueapplied by the design wheel load at the pavement surface.NOTE2The volume of the pavement and subgrade materials affectedby the load is a function of the magnitude of the load.Therefore,care mustbe taken when analyzing the results,since the data obtained by the LWDmay be obtained from a smaller volume of the unbound materials thanunder the influence of a heavy moving wheel load at the pavement surface.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.41 onPavement Testing and Evaluation.Current edition approved Sept.1,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 2007.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2583 07(2011).DOI:10.1520/E2583-07R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Federal Highway Administration(FHWA),1200 NewJersey Ave.,SE Washington,DC 20590.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Apparatus5.1 Instrument System,conforming to the following generalrequirements:5.2 Instruments Exposed to the Elements,shall be operablein the temperature range of-10 to 50C(10 to 120F)and shalltolerate relatively high humidity,rain or spray,and all otheradverse conditions such as dust,shoc