ASTM_E_1924_-_97.pdf

Designation:E 1924 97Standard Guide forConducting Toxicity Tests with BioluminescentDinoflagellates1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1924;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers two distinct procedures,based onsimilar principles,for obtaining data concerning the adverseeffects of a test material(added to dilution water)on oceanicbioluminescent dinoflagellates.1.1.1 The endpoint for both procedures is based on ameasurable reduction or inhibition in light output from thedinoflagellates.Both procedures are similar in that whenbioluminescent dinoflagellates are exposed to toxicants,ameasurable reduction in bioluminescence is observed fromtheir cells following mechanical stimulation when compared tocontrol cells.In the first procedure,cells of the bioluminescentdinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra can be tested over a rangeof up to seven days of exposure(or longer)to a toxicant.Thesecond procedure uses another species,Pyrocystis lunula,for a4 h test.1.2 Both procedures can measure the toxic effects of manychemicals,various marine and freshwater effluents,antifoulingcoatings,leachates,and sediments to bioluminescent di-noflagellates(1-5).3Compounds with low water solubility suchas large organic molecules may be solubilized with methanol,ethanol,and acetone solvents for testing(4)(see Guide E 729).1.3 An IC50 in light output(bioluminescence)is the rec-ommended endpoint(1).However,percent inhibition of biolu-minescence is an appropriate endpoint in some cases(5).1.4 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using appro-priate procedures is more important than following prescribedprocedures,results of tests conducted using unusual proceduresare not likely to be comparable to results of other tests.Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodifiedversions of these procedures might provide useful informationconcerning new concepts and procedures for conducting acuteand chronic tests.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1141 Specification for Substitute Ocean Water4D 5196 Guide for Biomedical Grade Water5E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations6E 729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests withFishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphibians7E 943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects andEnvironmental Fate7E 1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toAquatic Organisms and their Uses7E 1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests onAqueous Effluents with Fishes,Macro-Invertebrates,andAmphibians7E 1193 Guide for Conducting Renewal Life-Cycle ToxicityTests with Daphnia magna7E 1218 Guide for Conducting Static 96-h Toxicity Testswith Microalgae7E 1391 Guide for Collection,Storage,Characterization,andManipulation of Sediment for Toxicological Testing7E 1525 Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sedi-ments7E 1733 Guide for Use of Lighting in Laboratory Testing73.Terminology3.1 Definitions:The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this guide.3.1.1 canis used to mean is(are)able to.3.1.2 mayis used to mean is(are)allowed to.3.1.3 mightis used to mean could possibly.3.1.4 mustis used to express an absolute requirement,that1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved Dec 10,1997.Published June 1998.2This standard Guide is a document developed using the consensus mechanismsof ASTM,that provides guidance for the selection of procedures to accomplish aspecific test but which does not stipulate specific procedures.3The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at theend of the text.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.05.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.is,to state that the test ought to be designed to satisfy thespecified condition,unless the purpose of the test requires adifferent design.3.1.5 shouldis used to state that the specified condition isrecommended and ought to be met if possible.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bioluminesce