ASTM_E_2412_-_10.pdf

Designation:E241210Standard Practice forCondition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by TrendAnalysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR)Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2412;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoringadditive depletion,contaminant buildup and base stock degra-dation in machinery lubricants,hydraulic fluids and other fluidsused in normal machinery operation.Contaminants monitoredinclude water,soot,ethylene glycol,fuels and incorrect oil.Oxidation,nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are moni-tored as evidence of degradation.The objective of this moni-toring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of themachine based on fault conditions observed in the oil.Mea-surement and data interpretation parameters are presented toallow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compareresults by employing the same techniques.1.2 This practice is based on trending and distributionresponse analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements.While calibration to generate physical concentration units maybe possible,it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases.Warning or alarm limits(the point where maintenance actionon a machine being monitored is recommended or required)can be determined through statistical analysis,history of thesame or similar equipment,round robin tests or other methodsin conjunction with correlation to equipment performance.These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum orminimum value for comparison to a single measurement or canalso be based on a rate of change of the response measured(1).2This practice describes distributions but does not precludeusing rate-of-change warnings and alarms.NOTE1It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommendnormal,cautionary,warning or alert limits for any machinery.Such limitsshould be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from themachinery manufacturer and maintenance group.1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are forillustrative purposes only and are not to be construed asrepresenting or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.1.4 This practice is designed as a fast,simple spectroscopiccheck for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and canbe used to assist in the determination of general machineryhealth through measurement of properties observable in themid-infrared spectrum such as water,oil oxidation,and othersas noted in 1.1.The infrared data generated by this practice istypically used in conjunction with other testing methods.Forexample,infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metallevels or any other type of elemental analysis.The practice aspresented is not intended for the prediction of lubricantphysical properties(for example,viscosity,total base number,total acid number,etc.).This practice is designed for monitor-ing in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination ofgeneral machinery health and is not designed for the analysis oflubricant composition,lubricant performance or additive pack-age formulations.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.96 on In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services.Current edition approved May 1,2010.Published June 2010.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E241204.DOI:10.1520/E2412-10.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubr