Designation:E2108−10StandardPracticeforCalibrationoftheElectronBinding-EnergyScaleofanX-RayPhotoelectronSpectrometer1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2108;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thispracticedescribesaprocedureforcalibratingtheelectronbinding-energy(BE)scaleofanX-rayphotoelectronspectrometerthatistobeusedforperformingspectroscopicanalysisofphotoelectronsexcitedbyunmonochromatedalu-minumormagnesiumKαX-raysorbymonochromatedaluminumKαX-rays.1.2ThecalibrationoftheBEscaleisrecommendedaftertheinstrumentisinstalledormodifiedinanysubstantiveway.Additionalchecksand,ifnecessary,recalibrationsarerecom-mendedatintervalschosentoensurethatBEmeasurementsarestatisticallyunlikelytobemadewithanuncertaintygreaterthanatolerancelimit,specifiedbytheanalyst,basedontheinstrumentalstabilityandtheanalyst’sneeds.InformationisprovidedbywhichtheanalystcanselectanappropriatetolerancelimitfortheBEmeasurementsandthefrequencyofcalibrationchecks.1.3ThispracticeisbasedontheassumptionthattheBEscaleofthespectrometerissufficientlyclosetolineartoallowforcalibrationbymeasurementsofreferencephotoelectronlineshavingBEsneartheextremesoftheworkingBEscale.Inmostcommercialinstruments,X-raysourceswithaluminumormagnesiumanodesareemployedandBEsaretypicallymea-suredoverthe0–1000eVrange.ThispracticecanbeusedfortheBErangefrom0eVto1040eV.1.4TheassumptionthattheBEscaleislinearischeckedbyameasurementmadewithareferencephotoelectronlineorAuger-electronlinethatappearsatanintermediateposition.AsinglecheckisanecessarybutnotsufficientconditionforestablishinglinearityoftheBEscale.AdditionalcheckscanbemadewithspecifiedreferencelinesoninstrumentsequippedwithmagnesiumorunmonochromatedaluminumX-raysources,withsecondaryBEstandards,orbyfollowingtheproceduresoftheinstrumentma...
