ASTM_E_1954_-_05_2011.pdf

Designation:E195405(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forConduct of Research in Psychophysiological Detection ofDeception(Polygraph)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1954;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice establishes essential and recommendedelements in the design,conduct,and reporting of research onpsychophysiological detection of deception(polygraph)(PDD).Analog and field research are addressed separately.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2035 Terminology Relating to Forensic Psychophysiology3.Terminology3.1 For full explanations of terminology relating to PDD,refer to Terminology E2035.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Laboratory Research:4.1.1 Unless subjects must be individually trained or con-ditioned to achieve some criterion,subject manipulation pro-cedures shall require minimal human interaction.Those por-tions requiring human interaction shall be standardized to theextent possible.4.1.2 All procedures shall be described and reported insufficient detail that others can replicate them.This shallinclude logistical factors that may introduce systematic error,such as when subject handling allows them to reveal theirprogramming to one another,or arrival times cue testingexaminers regarding programming.All research-related mate-rials shall be retained by the researcher for at least five yearsfrom date of publication.Reasonable accommodation shall bemade to other researchers for access to research documentationand data.Documentation of procedures shall include,but notbe limited to,copies of subject instructions,test questions,testing technique,question sequence,description of circum-stances and facilities,raw data,and any tape recordingspresented.4.1.3 So far as possible,the only difference between pro-grammed deceptive and programmed nondeceptive subjectsshould be their participation in the act to which deceptionoccurs during the PDD testing.4.1.4 Non-exploratory studies shall test a sufficient numberof subjects to obtain a statistical power of 0.80 or higher usinga 0.05 significance level.Studies that are exploratory innaturethat do not obtain this power levelshall be clearlyidentified as exploratory studies.4.1.5 To the extent possible,when conducting validity andreliability studies,participants performing the testing andevaluating the physiological data shall be unaware as to boththe programming of the subjects and the base rates of decep-tion.The degree of knowledge of the participants shall bedetailed in the report.4.1.6 All instrumentation shall be fully reported,includingany modification of standard equipment.When using fieldinstruments,researchers shall report the manufacturer,model,types of recording channels,whether the channels are mechani-cally or electronically driven,and whether the instrumentationis computerized.4.1.7 Statements of generalization shall be limited to thatwhich the data,procedures,and statistical methodology cansupport.4.1.8 A human subject research review shall be performedby a recognized independent entity for all studies involving theparticipation of subjects.4.2 Field Research:4.2.1 The process for selecting cases shall be thoroughlyreported,including at least the source,method,exclusionarycriteria,and subject population.With respect to subjects,thereport shall clearly articulate the proportions of the sample thatare suspects,witnesses,and victims.4.2.2 The qualifications of the polygraph testing and chartevaluating participants shall be identified in the report,includ-ing formal polygraph training,field experience,and anylicensing or certification.4.2.3 Researchers shall report the degree to which poly-graph chart evaluators were kept unaware with regard to1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E52 on ForensicPsychophysiology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E52.01 onResearch.Current edition approved March 1,2011.Published March 2011.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1954 05.DOI:10.1520/E1954-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 extrapolygraphic information.Specifically,they shall reportwhether the polygraph chart evaluators were aware of baserates,case facts,the study hypothesis,subject verbal behavior,subject gestures,or other extrapolygraphic details.Moreover,researchers shall report whether examiners who participated inthe research normally include any of these factors in theirdecisions dur