ASTM_E_2435_-_05_2015.pdf

Designation:E243505(Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forApplication of Engineering Controls to Facilitate Use orRedevelopment of Chemical-Affected Properties1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2435;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental media,such as soil,groundwater,or air,are susceptible to impact by chemicalreleases associated with past property-use activities;or they may be affected by naturally occurringconditions.Previously developed properties may have been impacted by chemical releases associatedwith historical operations,chemical spill incidents,waste management practices,or other relatedsources of COCs.In some cases,such chemicals may remain in soil,groundwater,or otherenvironmental media;and,depending on their toxicity,concentration,location,and migrationpotential in the environment,they can pose a potential health risk in the event of exposure of currentor future property users.Similarly,in the absence of a chemical release caused by human activity,COCs that are naturally present in soils,groundwater,soil vapors,or other environmental media canpose an unacceptable risk to human health,depending on the chemical toxicity and exposure(e.g.,radon gas emanation into indoor air space of overlying buildings).Under certain conditions,in theabsence of exposure controls,human exposure to chemical-affected environmental media atresidential,commercial,or industrial properties could occur via various exposure pathways,includingbut not limited to(1)surface soil direct contact,(2)ambient or indoor air vapor exposure,or(3)affected groundwater impact on subsurface structures or utilities.Other pathways or exposuremechanisms may exist,and if so,should be addressed in a similar manner to those addressed in theguide.1.Scope1.1 This guide presents general considerations for applica-tion of engineering controls to facilitate continued use orredevelopment of properties containing chemical-affected soil,groundwater,or other environmental media,due either tochemical releases or naturally-occurring conditions.This guideis not meant to be prescriptive but rather to present consider-ations for evaluating technologies capable of addressing po-tential human exposures associated with chemical-affectedenvironmental media.1.2 Table 1 lists the considerations that should be taken intoaccount when developing an engineering control in accordancewith this guide.1.3 This guide is intended for use by real estate developers,civil/structural designers,environmental regulators,industrialparties,environmental consultants,and other persons con-cerned with residential,commercial,or industrial developmentof real properties where chemical-affected environmental me-dia are present.The design process should involve the indi-viduals and firms working on various aspects of the specifica-tions for construction,operation,and maintenance.If the site islocated on public property,then public participation should beconsidered during the design process.1.4 This guide is directed toward properties wherechemical-affected environmental media,associated with eitherhuman-influenced activities or naturally-occurring conditions,will remain in place and where active or passive engineeringcontrols will be used to reduce or eliminate exposures that mayotherwise pose an unacceptable risk to property users.1.5 This guide identifies the exposure concerns associatedwith chemical-affected properties that may affect the propertydevelopment plan,both in the construction phase and duringthe proposed use of the property;defines performance stan-dards for control of applicable exposure pathways;and,foreach exposure pathway,provides examples of engineeringcontrols that may be applied for new or existing construction.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.Current edition approved April 1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallyapproved in 2005.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2435 05(2010)1.DOI:10.1520/E2435-05R15.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 TABLE 1 Design Considerations for Engineering ControlsACheckTask/DescriptionReferenceBWhenCompleteIf NotApplicableSITE CHARACTERIZATION1.Regulatory Framework Regulations:Identify federal,state,and local laws,rules,and ordinances applicable tosite characterization and engineering controls.Ensure design and installation conform totechnical standards specified in regulations.6.3.9hhGuidance:Identify relevant guidance documents.4.6,6.3.9hh Risk Limits:Define unacceptable risk per regulatory framework or ot