ASTM_E_1563_-_98_2012.pdf

Designation:E156398(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forConducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with EchinoidEmbryos1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1563;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the acute effects of a test material on embryosand the resulting larvae of echinoid embryos(sea urchins andsand dollars)during static 48-to 96-h exposures.Theseprocedures have generally been used with U.S.East Coast(Arbacia punctulata and Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)(1)3and West Coast species(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus,S.droebachiensis,and Dendraster excentricus)(2).The basicprocedures described in this guide first originated in Japan andScandanavia(3),and parallel procedures have been used withforeign species,especially in Japan and the Mediterranean(4).These procedures will probably be useful for conducting staticacute toxicity tests with embryos of other echinoid species,although modifications might be necessary.1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using proce-dures appropriate to a particular species or special needs andcircumstances is more important than following prescribedprocedures,the results of tests conducted by using unusualprocedures are not likely to be comparable with those of manyother tests.The comparison of results obtained by usingmodified and unmodified versions of these procedures mightprovide useful information concerning new concepts andprocedures for conducting acute tests starting with embryos ofechinoids.1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals,either individually or in formulations,commercial products,orknown mixtures.With appropriate modifications,these proce-dures can be used to conduct acute tests on temperature,dissolved oxygen,and pH and on such materials as aqueouseffluents(see also Guide E1192),leachates,oils,particulatematter,surface waters and sediments(Annex A1).Renewaltests might be preferable to static tests for materials that havea high oxygen demand,are highly volatile,are rapidly trans-formed biologically or chemically in aqueous solution,or areremoved from test solutions in substantial quantities by the testchambers or organisms during the test.1.4 Results of acute toxicity tests with echinoid embryosshould usually be reported as the 50%effect concentration(EC50)based on the total abnormally developed embryos andlarvae.In some situations,it might only be necessary todetermine whether a specific concentration is acutely toxic toembryos or whether the EC50 is above or below a specificconcentration.1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:SectionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Apparatus6Facilities6.1Construction Materials6.2Test Chambers6.3Cleaning6.4Acceptability6.5Safety Precautions7Dilution Water8Requirements8.1Source8.2Treatment8.3Characterization8.4Test Material9General9.1Stock Solution9.2Test Concentration(s)9.3Test Organisms10Species10.1Age10.2Source of Embryos10.3Handling10.4Test Animal Source and Condition10.5Spawning and Fertilization10.6Quality10.7Procedure11Experimental Design11.1Dissolved Oxygen11.21A Standard Guide is a document,developed using the consensus mechanismsof ASTM that provides guidance for the selection of procedures to accomplish aspecific test,but which does not stipulate specific procedures.2This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1563 98(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1563-98R12.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Temperature11.3Beginning the Test11.4Feeding11.5Duration of Test11.6Biological Data11.7Control Performance11.8Other Measurements11.9Analytical Methods12Acceptability of Test13Calculation of Results14Report15Keywords16AnnexSediment TestsAnnex A11.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations.Specific precautionary state-ments are given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4E380 Practice for Use of