ASTM_E_2347_-_16.pdf

Designation:E234716Standard Test Method forIndentation Softening Temperature by ThermomechanicalAnalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2347;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that softenupon heating to a modulus less than 6.0 MPa.This test methoddescribes the determination of the temperature at which thespecific modulus of either 6.65(Method A)or 33.3 MPa(Method B)(equivalent to Test Method D1525)of a testspecimen is realized by indentation measurement using athermomechanical analyzer as the test specimen is heated.Thistemperature is identified as the indentation softening tempera-ture.The test may be performed over the temperature range ofambient to 300C.NOTE1This test method is intended to provide results similar to thoseof Test Method D1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzerusing a smaller diameter indenting probe.Equivalence of results to thoseobtained by Test Method D1525 has been demonstrated on a limitednumber of materials.Until the user demonstrates equivalence,the resultsof this Test Method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated tothose of Test Method D1525.1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethylcellulose,poly(vinyl chloride),poly(vinylidene chloride)andother materials having a large measurement imprecision(seeTest Method D1525 and 5.3 and Section 14).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature ofPlasticsE473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical PropertiesE1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo-mechanical AnalyzersE2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-momechanical AnalyzersE2206 Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermome-chanical Analyzers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method aredefined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 including Celsius,complex modulus,modulus,strain,stress,storage modulus,thermal analysis,and thermomechanical analysis.3.1.2 penetration softening temperature,C,nthe tem-perature at which a test specimen has a modulus of either 6.65or 33.3 MPa as measured in penetration.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The modulus of a material may be determined by theindentation(penetration)of a circular,flat tipped probe.Therelationship between modulus of a material(stress divided bystrain)and penetration depth is given by:E 5 3 F/4 D d!(1)where:E=modulus,MPa,F=force,N,1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on ThermalMeasurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 onFundamental,Statistical and Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved April 1,2016.Published April 2016.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2347 11.DOI:10.1520/E2347-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D=diameter of a circular,flat tipped probe,mm,andd=penetration depth,mm.NOTE2Note the identity Pa=N/m2.4.2 Some materials soften upon heating.For such materials,the modulus may be determined by penetration as the sampleis heated.This test method identifies the temperature at whichthe modulus of the specimen is determined to be 6.65 MPa(Method A)or 33.3 MPa(Method B).4.3 Specifically,a test specimen is tested in penetrationusing a circular,flat tipped probe.A known stress is applied tothe center of a test specimen as it is heated at a constant ratefrom ambient temperature to the upper temperature limit forthe material.The penetration(that is,deflection)of the testspecimen is recorded as a function of temperature.Thetemperature at which the modulus of the specimen is deter-mined to be 6.65 MPa(Method A)or 33.3 MPa(Method B)isdetermined to be the penetration softening temperature.5.Significance and Use5.1 Data obtained by this test method shall not be used topredict the behavior of materials at elevated temperaturesexcept in applications in which