ASTM_E_2533_-_09.pdf

Designation:E253309Standard Guide forNondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Usedin Aerospace Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2533;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides information to help engineers selectappropriate nondestructive testing(NDT)methods to charac-terize aerospace polymer matrix composites(PMCs).Thisguide does not intend to describe every inspection technology.Rather,emphasis is placed on established NDT methods thathave been developed into consensus standards and that arecurrently used by industry.Specific practices and test methodsare not described in detail,but are referenced.The referencedNDT practices and test methods have demonstrated utility inquality assurance of PMCs during process design andoptimization,process control,after manufacture inspection,in-service inspection,and health monitoring.1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and isnot intended to be used as a means for approving compositematerials or components for service.1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT meth-ods as applied to polymeric matrix composites:AcousticEmission,Computed Tomography,Leak Testing,Radiography,Radioscopy,Shearography,Strain Measurement(contactmethods),Thermography,Ultrasound,and Visual NDT.1.4 The value of this guide consists of the narrative descrip-tions of general procedures and significance and use sectionsfor established NDT methods as applied to polymer matrixcomposites.Additional information is provided about the useof currently active standard documents(an emphasis is placedon applicable standard guides,practices,and test methods ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing),geometryand size considerations,safety and hazards considerations,andinformation about physical reference standards.1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standarddocuments,there are recognized NDT specialists that arecertified in accordance with industry and company NDTspecifications.It is recommended that a NDT specialist be apart of any composite component design,quality assurance,in-service maintenance or damage examination.1.6 This guide summarizes the application of NDT methodsto fiber-and fabric-reinforced polymeric matrix composites.The composites of interest are primarily,but not exclusivelylimited to those containing high modulus(greater than 20 GPa(3106psi)fibers.Furthermore,an emphasis is placed oncomposites with continuous(versus discontinuous)fiber rein-forcement.1.7 This guide is applicable to polymeric matrix compositescontaining but not limited to bismaleimide,epoxy,phenolic,poly(amide imide),polybenzimidazole,polyester(thermoset-ting and thermoplastic),poly(ether ether ketone),poly(etherimide),polyimide(thermosetting and thermoplastic),poly-(phenylene sulfide),or polysulfone matrices;and alumina,aramid,boron,carbon,glass,quartz,or silicon carbide fibers.1.8 The composite materials considered herein include uni-axial laminae,cross-ply laminates,angle-ply laminates,andstructural sandwich constructions.The composite componentsmade therefrom include filament-wound pressure vessels,flight control surfaces,and various structural composites.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich ConstructionsD3878 Terminology for Composite Materials1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on SpecializedNDT Methods.Current edition approved May 15,2009.Published July 2009.DOI:10.1520/E2533-09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E543 Specification for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASNT Standard:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing32.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Curing Press Straining block(13 Drawings)43.Terminology3.1 A