ASTM_E_2546_-_15.pdf

Designation:E254615Standard Practice forInstrumented Indentation Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2546;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice defines the basic steps of InstrumentedIndentation Testing(IIT)and establishes the requirements,accuracies,and capabilities needed by an instrument to suc-cessfully perform the test and produce the data that can be usedfor the determination of indentation hardness and other mate-rial characteristics.IIT is a mechanical test that measures theresponse of a material to the imposed stress and strain of ashaped indenter by forcing the indenter into a material andmonitoring the force on,and displacement of,the indenter as afunction of time during the full loading-unloading test cycle.1.2 The operational features of an IIT instrument,as well asrequirements for Instrument Verification(Annex A1),Stan-dardized Reference Blocks(Annex A2)and Indenter Require-ments(Annex A3)are defined.This practice is not intended tobe a complete purchase specification for an IIT instrument.1.3 With the exception of the non-mandatory Appendix X4,this practice does not define the analysis necessary to deter-mine material properties.That analysis is left for other testmethods.Appendix X4 includes some basic analysis tech-niques to allow for the indirect performance verification of anIIT instrument by using test blocks.1.4 Zero point determination,instrument compliance deter-mination and the indirect determination of an indenters areafunction are important parts of the IIT process.The practicedefines the requirements for these items and includes non-mandatory appendixes to help the user define them.1.5 The use of deliberate lateral displacements is not in-cluded in this practice(that is,scratch testing).1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instrumentsfor Verifying the Force Indication of Testing MachinesE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials(Withdrawn 2010)3E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1875 Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus,ShearModulus,and Poissons Ratio by Sonic ResonanceE1876 Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus,ShearModulus,and Poissons Ratio by Impulse Excitation ofVibration2.2 American Bearing Manufacturers Association Stan-dard:ABMA/ISO 3290-1 Rolling Bearings-Balls-Part 1:SteelMetal Balls42.3 ISO Standards:ISO 14577-1,-2,-3,-4 Metallic MaterialsInstrumentedIndentation Tests for Hardness and Material Properties5ISO 376 Metallic MaterialsCalibration of Force-ProvingInstruments for the Verification of Uniaxial Testing Ma-chines53.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E28 on MechanicalTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 on IndentationHardness Testing.Current edition approved Oct.1,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 2007.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2546071.DOI:10.1520/E2546-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Bearing Manufacturers Association(ABMA),2025M Street,NW Suite 800 Washington,DC 20036,http:/www.americanbearings.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.1 contact stiffness,nthe instantaneous elastic responseof the material over the area of contact with the indenter.3.1.1.1 DiscussionContact stiffness can be determinedfrom the slope of line 3 in Fig.1.3.1.2 force displacement curve,na common plot of theforce applied to an indenter and the resultant depth of penetra-t