ASTM_E_1756_-_08_2015.pdf

Designation:E175608(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Total Solids in Biomass1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1756;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe total solids content is used to adjust the mass of the biomass so that all analytical results maybe reported on a moisture-free basis.Total solids content may be determined by overnight drying at105C in a convection oven or with a loss-on-drying moisture analyzer.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amountof total solids remaining after drying a sample.Materialssuitable for this procedure include samples prepared in accor-dance with Practice E1757 and extractive-free material pre-pared in accordance with Test Method E1690.For particulatewood fuels,Test Method E871 should be used.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of ParticulateWood FuelsE1690 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extrac-tives in BiomassE1757 Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Composi-tional Analysis3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 oven-dried solidsthe solids remaining after heatingthe prepared biomass at 105C to constant mass.For thepurposes of this procedure,the moisture content of a biomasssample is considered to be the amount of mass lost during thedrying of the sample at 105C to constant mass.An inherenterror of this and any oven-drying procedure is that volatilesubstances other than water are removed from the sampleduring drying.3.1.2 prepared biomassthe biomass that has been pro-cessed according to Practice E1757.4.Significance and Use4.1 Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of anybiomass sample.Moisture is not considered a structural com-ponent of biomass and can change with storage and handling ofbiomass samples.The determination of the total solids contentallows for the correction of biomass samples to an oven-driedsolids mass that is constant for a particular sample.4.2 This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples thatvisibly change on heating to 105C,for example,unwashedacid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.4.3 Some materials that contain large amount of free sugarsor proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infraredheating elements used in Test Method B.Total solids in thesematerials should be done by Test Method A.5.Apparatus and Materials5.1 Analytical Balance,sensitive to 0.1 mg.5.2 Drying Oven,105 6 3C(Test Method A only).5.3 Desiccator,containing anhydrous calcium sulfate(TestMethod A only).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 onBioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1756-08.DOI:10.1520/E1756-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.4 Moisture Analyzer,3infrared heated,20 g capacity,1 mgresolution(Test Method B only).5.5 Drying Pans,disposable,aluminum,10 cm diameter,suitable for moisture analyzer(Test Method B only).6.Sampling6.1 The sample is material prepared according to PracticeE1757 or extractives-free material prepared according to TestMethod E1690.7.Procedure:Test Method A7.1 This test method is suitable for either prepared biomasssamples or extractives-free material and employs drying thesample at 105 6 3C in a drying oven.7.2 Uniquely mark a suitable container,such as disposablealuminum weighing pan or 50 mL beaker,for each sample andplace in the drying oven at 105C for at least one hour.Cool thecontainers to room temperature in the desiccator.7.3 Weigh each container on the analytical balance to thenearest 0.1 mg.Record this as the tare mass,mt.7.4 Weigh a nominal 0.5 g of sample into the marked,taredcontainer to the nearest 0.1 mg.Record the mass of the biomassplus container as the initial mass,mi 1.7.5 Place the sample in the drying oven at 105 6 3C for atleast 3 h