ASTM_E_170_-_15a.pdf

Designation:E17015aStandard Terminology Relating toRadiation Measurements and Dosimetry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E170;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis terminology generally covers terms that apply to radiation measurements and dosimetryassociated with energy deposition and radiation effects,or damage,in materials caused by interactionsby high-energy radiation fields.The common radiation fields considered are X-rays,gamma rays,electrons,alpha particles,neutrons,and mixtures of these fields.This treatment is not intended to beexhaustive but reflects special and common terms used in technology and applications of interest toCommittee E10,as for example,in areas of radiation effects on components of nuclear power reactors,radiation hardness testing of electronics,and radiation processing of materials.This terminology uses recommended definitions and concepts of quantities,with units,for radiationmeasurements as contained in the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements(ICRU)Report 85a on“Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation,”October 2011.2Those terms that are defined essentially according to the terminology of ICRU Report 85a will befollowed by ICRU in parentheses.It should also be noted that the units for quantities used are the latestadopted according to the International System of Units(SI)which are contained in Appendix X1 astaken from a table in ICRU Report 85a.2This terminology also uses recommended definitions of twoJCGM documents,3namely“International vocabulary of metrology”(VIM,2012,unless indicatedotherwise)and“Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”(GUM,2008).Those termsthat are defined essentially according to the terminology of these documents will be followed by eitherVIM or GUM in parentheses.A term is boldfaced when it is defined in this standard.For some terms,text in italics is used justbefore the definition to limit its field of application,for example,see activity.1.Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:4E380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI)(the Modernized Metric System)(Withdrawn 1997)5E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE722 Practice for Characterizing Neutron Fluence Spectra inTerms of an Equivalent Monoenergetic Neutron Fluencefor Radiation-Hardness Testing of ElectronicsE910 Test Method for Application and Analysis of HeliumAccumulation Fluence Monitors for Reactor VesselSurveillance,E706(IIIC)1.2 Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology(JCGM)Reports:3JCGM 100:2008,GUM 1995,with minor corrections,Evaluation of measurement data Guide to the expressionof uncertainty in measurementJCGM 200:2012,VIM International vocabulary of metrol-ogy Basic and general concepts and associated terms1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E10 on NuclearTechnology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE10.93 on Editorial.Current edition approved Sept.1,2015.Published October 2015.Originallyapproved in 1963.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E170 15.DOI:10.1520/E0170-15A.2ICRU Report 60 has been superseded by ICRU Report 85a on“FundamentalQuantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation,”October 2011.Both of thesedocuments are available from International Commission on Radiation Units andMeasurements(ICRU),7910 Woodmont Ave.,Suite 800,Bethesda,MD 20814.3Document produced by Working Groups of the Joint Committee for Guides inMetrology(JCGM).Available free of charge at BIPM website(http:/www.bipm.org).4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 1.3 ICRU Documents:2ICRU 60 Fundamental Quantities and Units for IonizingRadiation,December 30,1998ICRU 85a Fundamental Quantities and Units for IonizingRadiation,October,20111.4 NIST Document:6NIST Technical Note 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating andExpressing the Uncertainty of NIST MeasurementResults,19942.Terminologyabsorbed dose(D)quotient of d by dm,where d is themean incremental energy imparted by ionizing radiation tomatter of incremental mass dm.(ICRU),thusD 5 d/dm(1)DISCUSSIONThe SI unit of absorbed dose is the gray(Gy),where 1gray is equivalent to the absorption of 1 joule per kilogram of thespecified material(1 Gy=1 J/kg).The unit rad(1 rad=100 erg/g=0.01 Gy)is still widely used in the nuclear community;however,itscontinued use is not encouraged