ASTM_E_1857_-_97_2013e1.pdf

Designation:E185797(Reapproved 2013)1Standard Guide forSelection of Cleaning Techniques for Masonry,Concrete,and Stucco Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1857;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESections 1.5,2.1 and 3.1 were editorially corrected in July 2013.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for the selection andassessment of cleaning techniques for removing soiling andstaining from masonry,concrete,and stucco surfaces.Removalof paints,coatings,and graffiti may require measures beyondthe scope of this guide.New construction is excluded from thescope of this guide.1.2 This guide does not purport to address the causes ofsoiling or staining or to propose remedies for recurring soilingor staining.1.3 Where work on surfaces of artistic,architectural,cultural,or historic significance is being considered,guidancefrom specialists should be sought.1.4 This guide does not purport to address removal andreplacement of prior repairs,repair of damaged surfaces,orother irregularities that contribute to the uneven or discoloredappearance of masonry,concrete,and stucco surfaces.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1232 Terminology of MasonryD4262 Test Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned or EtchedConcrete SurfacesE631 Terminology of Building Constructions3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,see Terminology C119,C1232,or E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 coatingclear or pigmented surface treatment appliedfor aesthetic improvement,enhanced durability,or other pur-pose.3.2.2 contaminanta foreign substance not intentionallyintroduced to a surface.3.2.3 muriatic acidcommercial grades of hydrochloricacid that often contain iron impurities.3.2.4 nebulized water spraycleaning with a mist of waterfrom fine nozzles.3.2.5 poulticecleaning systems composed of one or moreliquids mixed with powder to form a paste.3.2.6 soilinga deposit of finely divided particulate matteror other contaminants adhered to the surface.3.2.7 soiling crustaccumulation of soiling into a hardenedlayer at the surface.Partial or complete detachment of the crustmay damage the substrate.3.2.8 staininga contaminant that has penetrated the sur-face.3.2.9 surfacethe exposed face of masonry,concrete,orstucco.4.Significance and Use4.1 Cleaning of masonry,concrete,and stucco surfaces isundertaken for a variety of reasons including aestheticimprovement,removal of contaminants,maintenance,andsurface preparation.This guide provides for selecting,testing,and evaluating cleaning techniques for removal of soiling andstaining.4.2 Cleaning systems may adversely affect both buildingmaterials being cleaned as well as other materials,mechanical,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.24 on BuildingPreservation and Rehabilitation Technology.Current edition approved June 15,2013.Published July 2013.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1857 97(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1857-97R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 electrical,and other building systems,and building exterior,interior,and site features.4.3 In some situations,it may be prudent to spot clean or tonot clean.4.4 It should be noted that,in some cases,cleaning may beinconsistent with the goals of historic preservation.5.Identification and Characterization of SubstrateNOTE1The substrate should be identified and characterized before acleaning method is selected.Building records and any other relevanthistoric sources should be reviewed for information about the substrateand any previous treatments that might affect the proposed cleaningprocess.5.1 Substrate samples should be analyzed to describe thefollowing characteristics:5.1.1 Mineralogical composition of major constituents,5.1.2 Microtexture,5.1.3 Water solub